History quiz 4 - 102-112
Mencius
370-300 BCE, follower of Confucious, traveled around offering advice and teaching; proposed firm political and financial measures, thought rulers should be fair
Confucious
551-479 BCE; one of the first men of ideas, teacher, wrote Analects, a collection of his sayings
Legalism
laid the basis for China's bureaucratic government, emphasized need for strict laws, King of Qin believed in this form of thought
Confucian vision
provided a moral basis for modern China, repaying parents and ancestors, respecting parents, placing the interests of the family above all else
Filial piety
reverent attitude of children to their parents, taught by Confucious
Dao
the Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucious to refer to the moral order
Xunzi
310-215 BCE, follower of Confucious, argued that people are born selfish and through education they become moral, said Heaven does not interfere in human affairs
Han Feizi
280-233 BCE, studied with Xunzi, against Legalism, told rulers to be wary and concerned about everyone trying to take their power
Gentleman
Junzi; Confucious advocated being a gentleman, be morally cultivated, have virtue
Golden age of Chinese philosophy
Warring states period, era of Hundred School of Thoughts contended
Zhuangzi
another early Daoist book, disinterest in politics, filled with parables and stories, concerned with life and death
Legalists
argued that a strong government depends on effective laws and not moral leadership
Yin and Yang
concept of complimentary poles, one representing the feminist dark and the other masculine and bright, based on natural observations (night and day)
Daoists
directly opposed Confucious, believed that the act of trying to improve society only makes it worse
Book of Changes
divination text, first described the theory of Yin and Yang, written around 900 BCE
Loazi
early Daoist book, theme of mystical superiority of yielding over assertion and silence over words, compares God to water
Confucious thoughts
ethical rather than metaphysical or theoretical; everyone should be devoted to his role, thought relationships were the basis of society
Ren
ultimate virtue of Confucious, translated as perfect goodness, humanity, and nobility