History Test 3

Also according to the film Atomic Café

1) Americans practiced "duck and cover" exercises in case a bomb was dropped 2) Americans considered bomb shelters ridiculous and refused to incorporate them into American life 3) Nazis quickly developed atomic weaponry, which increased American fears that communism had spread 4) all Americans were required to train for the Civilian Air Control, in case the U.S. was brought into a World War III.

The Brown v. Board of Education decision is significant because

1) It allowed separate but equal public facilities 2) It declared that in public education, separate but equal facilities were inherently unequal, and therefore such laws were unconstitutional 3) It indicated that states could establish maximum hours for women to work, because women were more "fragile" than men 4) It reflected Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy of non-violent social change 5) It mandated that voting rights be protected for all citizens of the U.S., and it established modes by which fair voting practices would be ensured

Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?

1) It caused a dramatic increase in college enrollments. 2) It enabled many veterans to buy new homes. 3) Its huge cost did not justify its benefits. 4) It led to the creation of the Veterans Administration. 5) It is also known as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act.

Which event occurred latest in time?

1) The U.S. entered World War I 2) Plessy v. Ferguson established "separate but equal" as constitutional 3) Some Americans argued that the U.S. should use an atomic bomb on Korea 4) The de Lome letter - which calls the U.S. president weak - wass intercepted and published in the New York Journal 5) The Social Security Act was enacted 6) Japan bombed the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor

According to the film Atomic Café

1) There were no spies in the American government 2) Cuba was a greater threat to American security than China 3) Beat writers like Jack Kerouac spread communist ideas by encouraging young men to travel America 4) fears of atomic destruction spread through many areas of American life

Eisenhower believed that, in general, Americans were unlikely to give up Social Security, labor laws, and farm programs, even though they might be costly and identified with liberal political interests.

1) True 2) False

In the 1950s, there was enormous pressure for single women to stay single and join the work force.

1) True 2) False

The 1957 stand-off at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas is significant in part because the federal government used significant resources to protect the rights of African Americans.

1) True 2) False

The GI Bill (also known as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, enabled many veterans to attend college.

1) True 2) False

The GI Bill of Rights provided financial assistance for home loans and college expenses.

1) True 2) False

Between 1945 and 1960, home ownership:

1) declined, due to the construction of cheap apartments 2) significantly increased 3) was hampered due to shortages of credit 4) became almost universal 5) was not as popular as government-provided public housing

All of the following contributed to post-World War prosperity EXCEPT:

1) federal expenditures during World War II and the Korean Conflict 2) government spending on infrastructure 3) high productivity in American industries 4) significant competition with foreign countries 5) emergence of new technologies, including the computer

Suburban growth was encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT:

1) federally insured loans 2) highway construction 3) increases in car ownership 4) veterans' benefits 5) new construction of mass public transportation

In the 1950s,

1) groups like the NAACP specifically targeted state laws mandating racial segregation in public schools. 2) a younger generation of black activists promoted "black power" 3) the primary objective of the NAACP was to promote equal pay for women, blacks, and other historically underrepresented groups 4) southern schools voluntarily integrated, which prevented the need for federal intervention 5) the Montgomery Bus Boycott brought the federal requirement for cross-district bussing (which meant that blacks were bussed to predominantly white schools in order to achieve racial integration)

A very important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to:

1) keep men in the military beyond their term of enlistment 2) spend surplus funds in the federal budget 3) help Roosevelt get reelected 4) prevent the return of an economic depression 5) expand social welfare to include veterans

After World War II, Americans were eager to:

1) purchase and/or build new homes 2) save money 3) travel across the U.S. 4) quit school and travel the U.S. on high-speed bullet trains 5) read as many books as possible

Rock and Roll

1) was created to enhance the experience of opium dens, though it quickly went "main stream" 2) was criticized by some groups who claimed it was designed to corrupt young people 3) was outlawed in the deep South because it spread anti-biblical ideas 4) was unique in that it represented only white cultural heritage

According to our textbook, as president, Dwight Eisenhower

1) was determined to prevent veterans from becoming dependent on social welfare benefits, such as the GI Bill 2) was not satisfied with "containment" and wanted to "roll back" communism throughout the world 3) hoped to increase consumer confidence in the American economy by personally promoting the purchase of TVs and kitchen appliances 4) was so confident that the U.S. was ahead of the Soviets in military technology that cut the military budget by the larger percentage since World War I

By the mid-1950s, an increasing number of workers:

1) were self-employed 2) did mental rather than physical labor 3) were industrial wage laborers 4) worked in small businesses 5) were discontented and rebellious

In the 1950s, Eisenhower made greater use of the _____________________ to manage world politics in covert ways. For example, on occasion, the U.S. would secretly overthrow elected governments to ensure they did not join the group of nations friendly to the ____________.

Central Intelligence Agency Soviets

During the 1950s, the U.S. becomes involved in ___________ , an area that encompassed Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Because the U.S. was still attempting to contain and eliminate communism, the U.S. sent aid to those fighting against communist insurgents, but President ______________ refused to commit U.S. troops to or use atomic weapons in the conflict. The president was concerned that if Vietnam fell to communism, other countries would fall like _______________. (The U.S. would eventually send combat troops to Vietnam in 1965, which we'll discuss later in the course.)

Indochina Eisenhower dominos

In 1950, President Harry S. Truman was concerned that the US was unprepared to wage war in _____________________. Consequently, he asked Congress to allow the president to lead and oversee an economic mobilization of private industry that would aid US military preparedness. Among other things, the Defense Mobilization Act allowed the president to compel manufacturers to prioritize defense production.

Korea

____________________ was effectively ended in 1954, when Joseph McCarthy charged the U.S. Army with being soft on communism.

McCarthyism

After the crisis in the Suez, Eisenhower determined that the U.S. must guarantee western interests were protected in the _______________________. In 1958, Congress approved what became known as the Eisenhower Doctrine, which stated that the U.S. would extend military and economic aid to Arab nations to assist any nation resisting ____________aggression.

Middle East communist

In the _______________________, which lasted from 1955 to 1956, blacks decided to boycott city busses to protest racial segregation. In part led by Dexter Street Baptist Church pastor _____________, this event is significant (in part) because it helped nationalize the Civil Rights movement. Additionally, the success of the boycott demonstrated that well-coordinated, non-violent actions could bring about significant social change.

Montgomery Bus Boycott Martin Luther King Jr

In the late 1950s, the U.S. became concerned that it was behind the __________ in science and technology because the Soviets had launched _________, a communications satellite.

Soviets Sputnik

After the crisis in the _____________, Eisenhower determined that the U.S. must guarantee western interests were protected in the Middle East. In 1958, Congress approved what became known as the _________________ Doctrine, which stated that the U.S. would extend military and economic aid to Arab nations to assist any nation resisting communist aggression.

Suez Eisenhower

___________ is a term describing the surge in births following the end of World War II

baby boom

Eisenhower promoted ______________, which meant that while promoting fiscal conservatism, the government would be "liberal when it came to human beings."

dynamic conservatism

John Foster Dulles and Dwight Eisenhower's use of the threat of nuclear warfare to prevent Communist aggression is known as the threat of _____________________. In such cases, Dulles and Eisenhower were using ________________ - i.e., bringing the U.S. to the brink of war.

massive retaliation brinkmanship

Post-World War II prosperity meant that more and more blue collar Americans moved into the ___________.

middle class

The post-World War II period saw massive migration to the ___________, where many new planned communities promoted new homes, yards, schools, shopping centers, and playing fields.

suburbs