History Unit 5: The French Revolution

Robespierre

He led the group responsible for "The Reign of Terror" and was beheaded:

unlimited government

How could the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI best be described?

He and his family tried to flee the country and escape

How did Louis XVI react to his newly limited power?

To protect the Revolution from it's enemies

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

Monarchy abolished

What was the impact of the Storming of the Tuileries?

She was sent to the guillotine

What was the main consequence for Olympe de Gouges in writing the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen?

Write a constitution for France and limit the king's power

What was the purpose of the Tennis Court Oath

A jail

What was the the Bastille?

A tax levied by the church

What was tithes?

John Locke

Which Enlightenment Philosopher believed in Natural Rights?

Mary Wollstonecraft

Which Enlightenment Philosopher was for giving women equal rights?

3rd Estate

Which estate paid the majority of the taxes in France prior to the French Revolution?

The Storming of the Bastille

Which event marked the beginning of the Revolution?

The king spent the taxes on wars and himself

Which of the following was a reason why France was nearly bankrupt?

- Men have natural rights including liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression - People have a right to due process and a fair trial - People are innocent until proven guilty - Freedom of opinion: every citizen may, accordingly speak, write and print with freedom

Which of the following was a right guaranteed by the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?

participation in the American Revolution

Which of these contributed to the French Revolution?

Louis XVI

Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?

Price of Bread

Why did the Parisian women march on Versailles in 1789?

reign of terror

a period of state-sanctioned violence and mass executions during the French Revolution. France's revolutionary government ordered the arrest and execution of thousands of people

jacobins

became the leading spokesmen for radical changes in France

Mary Wollstonecraft

- Idea: women's equality - Impact: women's rights groups forms in Europe & North America

tennis court oath

- It happened because the 3rd Estate was locked out of their meeting room because of the voting of the National Assembly - The result was that the 3rd estate broke into the indoor tennis court until they drew up a new constitution

storming of the bastille

- Mobs were searching for gunpowder and they stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison - Many guards were killed and their heads were put on pikes and paraded around the streets

robespierre

- Slowly gained power, set out to build "republic of virtue" by wiping out France's past - Became leader of Committee of Public Safety

committee of public safety

- all-power executive committee dominated the French government - chief task was to protect the Revolution from its enemies

prices for bread, salt, and other necessities of life

what policies made people want the reign of terror to end

olympe de gouges

who wrote the 'Declaration of the Rights to Women and Citizen'?

- Wanted to seize the gunpowder inside the Bastille - It was a symbol of the king and his ability to arrest political prisoners

why did the Commoners want to destroy the Bastille?

moderates

sat in the center of the hall and wanted some changes in government, but not as many as the radicals

radicals

sat on the left side of the hall, opposed the idea of a monarchy and wanted sweeping changes in the way the government was run

conservatives

sat on the right side of the hall, like to stick to the traditional ways of government and tend to oppose change

third estate

- 97% of people belonged to this estate - three groups within it: bourgeoisie, sans-culottes, and peasant farmers - Had no power to influence government and embraced Enlightenment ideas - Resented the wealthy 1st and 2nd Estates

escape and eventual execution of king louis XVI

- After many supporters thought France was unsafe, they left the country - The royal family tried to escape from France to the Austrian Netherlands They were brought back home under guard

jean-jaques rousseau

- Committed to individual freedom, writer, disagreed with other philosophes - BELIEVED THAT ALL MEN SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE - Believed that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society-a direct democracy - His book was The Social Contract

beccaria

- Idea: abolishment of torture - Impact: guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights; torture outlawed or reduced in nations of Europe and the Americas

john locke

- Idea: natural rights-life, liberty, property - Impact: fundamental to U.S Declaration of Independence - BELIEVED THAT ALL MEN SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE

voltaire

- Idea: religious freedom - Impact: guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; European monarchs reduce persecution

montesquieu

- Idea: separation of powers - Impact: France, U.S, and Latin America nations use separation of powers in new constitutions

legislative assembly

- governing body of France which replaced the National Constituent Assembly. - formed under the Constitution of 1791, which created a constitutional monarchy with Louis XVI as the head of state. - events that happened under this government: war w austria and prussia, storming of the tuileries, and september massacres

storming of the tuileries

20,000 people invaded the Tuileries where the royal family was staying\

True

According to Robespierre: Terror Should be used to defend democracy.

National Convention

After the September Massacres, the Legislative Assembly was taken over by the Jacobins who changed it into the

Estates General

An assembly of representatives from all three estates that met for the first time in 175 years when Louis XVI called them together.

Conservative

Based on the Political Spectrum, the King and noble classes would be considered:

Radical

Based on the political spectrum, the Jacobins were considered:

no

Did the Revolutionary government always honor their ideals throughout the first and second phase of the French Revolution?

Constitutional Monarchy

In 1791, France's new constitution changed France's government to a(n) _________________.

Lower prices for bread

In October of 1789, thousands of women marched to the King's palace demanding

monarch shares power with lawmakers

In a constitutional monarchy...

Promised to not disband until they had a written constitution

In the "Tennis Court Oath", members of the Third Estate

3rd estate

Most of the people of France belonged to the

Reign of Terror

Nickname for Robespierre's period of rule that ended when he was executed?

Emigres

Nobles who fled to other countries to put King Louis back in power are called

end of the reign of terror

People were scared for their safety, so they demanded Robespierre's death, it ended when Robespierre was killed

war with austria and prussia

Prussian commander threatened to destroy Paris if royal family was harmed, which got Parisians mad resulting in Louis, Marie Antoinette, and their children being imprisoned

1st estate

RCC formed it. made up of clergy of RCC, scorned Enlightenment ideas

The Directory

Robespierre dies & the Reign of Terror ends. What government takes over?

september massacres

Rumors spread that the kings' supporters (in prison) planned to break out and take control, people got scared so they killed over 1,000 prisoners

Jacobin-led movement to wipe out their enemies

The "Reign of Terror" was...

- Retained the monarchy and gave them executive power to enforce laws - Established that the National - Assembly held supreme power and authority in France. - Established a Limited Monarchy in France - Gave vote to "active" citizens

The Constitution of 1791 did all of the following

King Louis XVI attempting to flee the country with his family

The Flight to Varennes describes

austria and prussia

The French Revolutionary Wars began against what two countries?

- Many believed the nobility were hoarding/stealing grain - Conspiracy theories that the British government was involved in causing rioting - Peasants fought the tax system by refusing to pay tithes and raiding lords' homes to burn their records. - Urban workers destroyed the machinery they believed would replace them in factories.

The Great Fear followed the Storming of the Bastille, what were some of the following problems during the Great Fear?

Peasants

The King's execution was very unpopular with:

Drafting 300,000 French citizens to fight in the war

The Levee en Masse refers to:

Republic

The National Convention established a

Rising Bread Costs

The Women's March on Versailles occurred because:

national convention

The government collapsed and a a new governing body took office, it took away the monarchy and declared France a republic. what was this new governing body?

the Enlightenment

The idea that reason should guide society rather than tradition helped cause the French Revolution and came from

Guillotine

The machine used to behead enemies of the revolution is called

the Catholic clergy

The member of the First Estate?

the nobility

The members of the 2nd Estate?

Bourgeoisie

The middle class members of the Third Estate were called?

Versailles

The rich palace where King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette lived outside of Paris

The September Massacres

This event was in response to the invasion of the Prussian army into France, widespread panic led to thousands jailed as enemies of the revolution, thousands of which were executed. (This occurred prior to the Reign of Terror)

true

True or False: The vote to condemn Louis XVI as guilty was unanimous, however, the vote to sentence him to death was split.

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

What document allowed the French government to confiscate Church lands and made Church officials elected state officials?

Committee of Public Safety

What organization was established by Robespierre to find and eliminate critics of the Revolution?

Ended slavery in French colonies and allowed for religious freedom

What was NOT included in the August 4th Reforms?

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

document that stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights," the rights were: liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression

peasants

farmers that formed the largest group of the 3rd estate, paid their income

2nd estate

made up of rich nobles, barely paid taxes, held highest offices in government, disagreed with Enlightenment ideas

bourgeoisie

middle class-lacked privileges, wanted political power and supported changing France into a representative monarchy, group in the 3rd estate

sans-culottes

poorest group in the 3rd estate, paid low wages and often unemployed