History Unit 5: The French Revolution
Robespierre
He led the group responsible for "The Reign of Terror" and was beheaded:
unlimited government
How could the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI best be described?
He and his family tried to flee the country and escape
How did Louis XVI react to his newly limited power?
To protect the Revolution from it's enemies
What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?
Monarchy abolished
What was the impact of the Storming of the Tuileries?
She was sent to the guillotine
What was the main consequence for Olympe de Gouges in writing the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen?
Write a constitution for France and limit the king's power
What was the purpose of the Tennis Court Oath
A jail
What was the the Bastille?
A tax levied by the church
What was tithes?
John Locke
Which Enlightenment Philosopher believed in Natural Rights?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which Enlightenment Philosopher was for giving women equal rights?
3rd Estate
Which estate paid the majority of the taxes in France prior to the French Revolution?
The Storming of the Bastille
Which event marked the beginning of the Revolution?
The king spent the taxes on wars and himself
Which of the following was a reason why France was nearly bankrupt?
- Men have natural rights including liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression - People have a right to due process and a fair trial - People are innocent until proven guilty - Freedom of opinion: every citizen may, accordingly speak, write and print with freedom
Which of the following was a right guaranteed by the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?
participation in the American Revolution
Which of these contributed to the French Revolution?
Louis XVI
Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?
Price of Bread
Why did the Parisian women march on Versailles in 1789?
reign of terror
a period of state-sanctioned violence and mass executions during the French Revolution. France's revolutionary government ordered the arrest and execution of thousands of people
jacobins
became the leading spokesmen for radical changes in France
Mary Wollstonecraft
- Idea: women's equality - Impact: women's rights groups forms in Europe & North America
tennis court oath
- It happened because the 3rd Estate was locked out of their meeting room because of the voting of the National Assembly - The result was that the 3rd estate broke into the indoor tennis court until they drew up a new constitution
storming of the bastille
- Mobs were searching for gunpowder and they stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison - Many guards were killed and their heads were put on pikes and paraded around the streets
robespierre
- Slowly gained power, set out to build "republic of virtue" by wiping out France's past - Became leader of Committee of Public Safety
committee of public safety
- all-power executive committee dominated the French government - chief task was to protect the Revolution from its enemies
prices for bread, salt, and other necessities of life
what policies made people want the reign of terror to end
olympe de gouges
who wrote the 'Declaration of the Rights to Women and Citizen'?
- Wanted to seize the gunpowder inside the Bastille - It was a symbol of the king and his ability to arrest political prisoners
why did the Commoners want to destroy the Bastille?
moderates
sat in the center of the hall and wanted some changes in government, but not as many as the radicals
radicals
sat on the left side of the hall, opposed the idea of a monarchy and wanted sweeping changes in the way the government was run
conservatives
sat on the right side of the hall, like to stick to the traditional ways of government and tend to oppose change
third estate
- 97% of people belonged to this estate - three groups within it: bourgeoisie, sans-culottes, and peasant farmers - Had no power to influence government and embraced Enlightenment ideas - Resented the wealthy 1st and 2nd Estates
escape and eventual execution of king louis XVI
- After many supporters thought France was unsafe, they left the country - The royal family tried to escape from France to the Austrian Netherlands They were brought back home under guard
jean-jaques rousseau
- Committed to individual freedom, writer, disagreed with other philosophes - BELIEVED THAT ALL MEN SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE - Believed that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society-a direct democracy - His book was The Social Contract
beccaria
- Idea: abolishment of torture - Impact: guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights; torture outlawed or reduced in nations of Europe and the Americas
john locke
- Idea: natural rights-life, liberty, property - Impact: fundamental to U.S Declaration of Independence - BELIEVED THAT ALL MEN SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE
voltaire
- Idea: religious freedom - Impact: guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; European monarchs reduce persecution
montesquieu
- Idea: separation of powers - Impact: France, U.S, and Latin America nations use separation of powers in new constitutions
legislative assembly
- governing body of France which replaced the National Constituent Assembly. - formed under the Constitution of 1791, which created a constitutional monarchy with Louis XVI as the head of state. - events that happened under this government: war w austria and prussia, storming of the tuileries, and september massacres
storming of the tuileries
20,000 people invaded the Tuileries where the royal family was staying\
True
According to Robespierre: Terror Should be used to defend democracy.
National Convention
After the September Massacres, the Legislative Assembly was taken over by the Jacobins who changed it into the
Estates General
An assembly of representatives from all three estates that met for the first time in 175 years when Louis XVI called them together.
Conservative
Based on the Political Spectrum, the King and noble classes would be considered:
Radical
Based on the political spectrum, the Jacobins were considered:
no
Did the Revolutionary government always honor their ideals throughout the first and second phase of the French Revolution?
Constitutional Monarchy
In 1791, France's new constitution changed France's government to a(n) _________________.
Lower prices for bread
In October of 1789, thousands of women marched to the King's palace demanding
monarch shares power with lawmakers
In a constitutional monarchy...
Promised to not disband until they had a written constitution
In the "Tennis Court Oath", members of the Third Estate
3rd estate
Most of the people of France belonged to the
Reign of Terror
Nickname for Robespierre's period of rule that ended when he was executed?
Emigres
Nobles who fled to other countries to put King Louis back in power are called
end of the reign of terror
People were scared for their safety, so they demanded Robespierre's death, it ended when Robespierre was killed
war with austria and prussia
Prussian commander threatened to destroy Paris if royal family was harmed, which got Parisians mad resulting in Louis, Marie Antoinette, and their children being imprisoned
1st estate
RCC formed it. made up of clergy of RCC, scorned Enlightenment ideas
The Directory
Robespierre dies & the Reign of Terror ends. What government takes over?
september massacres
Rumors spread that the kings' supporters (in prison) planned to break out and take control, people got scared so they killed over 1,000 prisoners
Jacobin-led movement to wipe out their enemies
The "Reign of Terror" was...
- Retained the monarchy and gave them executive power to enforce laws - Established that the National - Assembly held supreme power and authority in France. - Established a Limited Monarchy in France - Gave vote to "active" citizens
The Constitution of 1791 did all of the following
King Louis XVI attempting to flee the country with his family
The Flight to Varennes describes
austria and prussia
The French Revolutionary Wars began against what two countries?
- Many believed the nobility were hoarding/stealing grain - Conspiracy theories that the British government was involved in causing rioting - Peasants fought the tax system by refusing to pay tithes and raiding lords' homes to burn their records. - Urban workers destroyed the machinery they believed would replace them in factories.
The Great Fear followed the Storming of the Bastille, what were some of the following problems during the Great Fear?
Peasants
The King's execution was very unpopular with:
Drafting 300,000 French citizens to fight in the war
The Levee en Masse refers to:
Republic
The National Convention established a
Rising Bread Costs
The Women's March on Versailles occurred because:
national convention
The government collapsed and a a new governing body took office, it took away the monarchy and declared France a republic. what was this new governing body?
the Enlightenment
The idea that reason should guide society rather than tradition helped cause the French Revolution and came from
Guillotine
The machine used to behead enemies of the revolution is called
the Catholic clergy
The member of the First Estate?
the nobility
The members of the 2nd Estate?
Bourgeoisie
The middle class members of the Third Estate were called?
Versailles
The rich palace where King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette lived outside of Paris
The September Massacres
This event was in response to the invasion of the Prussian army into France, widespread panic led to thousands jailed as enemies of the revolution, thousands of which were executed. (This occurred prior to the Reign of Terror)
true
True or False: The vote to condemn Louis XVI as guilty was unanimous, however, the vote to sentence him to death was split.
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
What document allowed the French government to confiscate Church lands and made Church officials elected state officials?
Committee of Public Safety
What organization was established by Robespierre to find and eliminate critics of the Revolution?
Ended slavery in French colonies and allowed for religious freedom
What was NOT included in the August 4th Reforms?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
document that stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights," the rights were: liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
peasants
farmers that formed the largest group of the 3rd estate, paid their income
2nd estate
made up of rich nobles, barely paid taxes, held highest offices in government, disagreed with Enlightenment ideas
bourgeoisie
middle class-lacked privileges, wanted political power and supported changing France into a representative monarchy, group in the 3rd estate
sans-culottes
poorest group in the 3rd estate, paid low wages and often unemployed
