History Wk 19: War of the Roses and Tudors

Edward of York

After Richard of York (his son) Becomes Edward VI Led the battle of Towton Henry VI taken out of power Small period of peace during his rule Edward V succeeds him and he reigns for 78 days at age 12

Catherine of Aragon

Betrothed to Arthur as a child- she doesn't meet him until the wedding day Latin was their only common language- wrote letters in Latin They once had stand-ins who did their wedding for them- called Proxy Had lots of money, her dowry was 8.9 million dollars Her value went down after her mother died Princes of Spain Met Arthur in 1501 at age 15

House of York and House of Lancaster

Two major houses that fought during the Wars of the Roses

Henry VI

Unwise, involved in personal disputes Not a good leader "Mad King" Mental issues Advisors were bad influences Barons were in disagreement with him Married the niece of Charles VII, which worsens the situation Rebellion protesting high taxes

Richard of York (1411-1460)

Captured Henry VI in the Battle of St. Albans 3rd Duke of York Did not expect his own enemies, and Margaret gets mad at his enemies Great grandson of Edward III- has ties to the crown Richest man in England Lineage and money on his side Lots of ambition and military taken and dangerous threat to Henry VI Begs Henry VI to name him the official heir- this is called acts of accord- during this time, Henry V is housed in the tower of London Dies in battle

Elizabeth Woodville

Edward of York's wife- they have 3 children Lancastrian Knight's widow

Duke of Gloucester

Edward's brother Says that he'll "help" Edward V when he is king Pulls Edward V out of power- imprisons Edward V and Richard Scandal is that he's responsible for the deaths of Richard D York and Edward V by arrangement of deaths Declared them as illegitimate Scandal followed him Assumes the throne

Impact of War

England becomes a trade partner

First Battle of St. Albans

First battle in the War of the Roses Henry VI is captured Begins the Civil War aka War of the Roses

Margaret of Anjou

Henry VI' French wife Strong, smart, bright English unhappy with Henry VI when she marries him French felt she would influence the king Took over Richard of York's army and made him flee to Ireland

Elizabeth of York

Henry VII's (Tudor's) wife Sister of the princes in the tower Loved Henry and he loved her

Arthur (1486-1506)

Henry VII's oldest son Prince of Wales Henry wants him to marry Catherine Writes a letter to Catherine called "Your Dearest Spouse" Excited to be married Grew week from illness Sweating sickness Dies when they move to Logwood Castle Henry VII heartbroken over his death

Henry VIII

Henry VII's son Marries Catherine after Arthur dies 5 years younger than Catherine Marriage was delayed until he was 17 Procrastinated over paying the rest of the dowry Crowned king at 17 It was his father's dying wish that he marry Catherine Was the spare Struggled throughout his legacy

Battle of Stokes

Led during Henry VII's reign Last battle Rivals of Henry killed

Henry Tudor

Might have been involved with the death of Edward V and Richard D York Revives the Lancastrians Royal blood through illegitimate line Wants to be king of England Fights Gloucester and kills him in battle, and takes the throne Changes name to Henry VII Establishes the Tudor Dynasty- leads England into the Golden Age Combined roses to create the Tudor Rose Increased trade and financial security kept nobility under control, influenced it to stay in line Acknowledged a newly unified Spanish kingdom/first noble to recognize a newly unified Spain

War of the Roses (1455)

Official symbols were roses- one red and one white After the 100 Years War Commonly known as the Civil Wars because it was fighting different nobilities House of York and House of Lancaster fight for England Henry VI is king in the beginning of this war- the war starts because he was captured Twist takes place after the princes in the tower event- after the deaths, wealth went back to the king Killed half of the nobles in families 60 noble families in England at this time

Richard Neville

Powerful man on Edward's side "King Maker" Earl of Warwick

Edward V

Princes in the Tower: imprisoned by Duke of Gloucester along with Richard Duke of York Takes the throne after his father, Edward of York He and Richard mysteriously disappeared Succeeds Edward of York and only reigns for 78 days