HLT 230 Unit 1-3

Chyme moves from the stomach into the_____ jejunum. ileum. duodenum. colon.

Duodenum

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

Fat

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient?

Iron

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't provide any energy for the human body? Alcohol Carbohydrate Water Protein

Water

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add _____ of the nutrient to its EAR. A. the %DV amount B. 50 to 100 mg C. a "margin of safety" amount D. an AI amount

a "margin of safety" amount

The primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

For the past few months, Jon hasn't been feeling well. His stomach hurts, he doesn't have any energy, and he often feels like he's going to vomit. He has no interest in eating, so he's lost several pounds. Yesterday, he went to the student health center, because he had bloody diarrhea. Based on this information, Jon should be tested for _____. gallstones hemorrhoids gastroesophageal reflux disease ulcerative colitis

ulcerative colitis

According to MyPlate, Chloe should consume 2½ cups of vegetables daily. She wants to substitute enough vegetable juice to equal 1 cup of cooked peas. Based on this information, Chloe should drink ____ of the juice. 1½ cups 1 cup 2 cups ½ cup

1 cups

A 6-ounce serving of a beverage contains 450 ml water, 20 g sugar, and 5 g alcohol. How many kcal does this beverage supply? Multiple Choice 95 125 180 115

115

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 4 oz of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ____ kcal. 97 107 117 87

117

A serving of food contains 2 g carbohydrate, 16 g protein, 6 g fat, 2 mcg vitamin B12, and 60 mg iron. Based on this information, how many kcal does a serving of this food provide?

126

A serving of food supplies 15 g carbohydrate, 15 g protein, 400 ml water, 25 mg vitamin C, and 4 g fat. According to this information, how many kilocalories are in a serving of this food?

15g carb x4 15g protein x4 4g fat x9 =156

How many kilocalories are in a portion of food that contains 4 g protein, 10 g fat, 25 g carbohydrate, 130 mg vitamin C, and 120 ml water?

206

A serving of food contains 20 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein, 10 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 3 oz of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ____ kcal.

20g x 4 10gx 9 6g x4 =194

A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 8 g fat, 5 mg vitamin iron, and 4 oz of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ___kcal.

212

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to less than _____ mg/day. 2300 4300 300 1000

2300

A serving of food contains 36 g carbohydrate, 4 g protein, 4 oz of water, 10 g fat, 25 mg vitamin B-6, 1.2 mg zinc, and 1.8 mg iron. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ____ kcal.

250

According to MyPlate, Erika should consume 3 cups of milk daily. She prefers eating plain yogurt to drinking milk. How much plain yogurt can she eat to meet her plan's recommendation for milk and milk products? 4 cups 2 cups 5 cups 3 cups

3 cups

Which of the following statements is true? A. High doses of vitamins and minerals help prevent many serious chronic diseases. B. Walnuts are a rich source of empty calories. C. Registered dietitians generally classify foods as either "good" or "junk." D A diet that has variety contains many different kinds of nutritious foods.

A diet that has variety contains many different kinds of nutritious foods

Which of the following statements is true? A. Registered dietitians usually rely on Daily Values to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets. B. A person who meets the EER for his or her racial and/or ethnic ancestry will gain at least two pounds/week. C. A person who regularly consumes more than the UL for a nutrient is likely to develop the nutrient's toxicity disorder. D. To avoid nutrient deficiency disorders, most Americans should consume 50% of the EAR for each nutrient.

A person who regularly consumes more than the UL for a nutrient is likely to develop the nutrient's toxicity disorder.

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice A) Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy. B) By taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, people can maintain good health without eating foods. C) Regardless of their ages and physical conditions, people don't need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals. D) To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics.

A) Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Peptic ulcers usually form in the small and large intestines. B. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly. C. People who are infected with H. pylori have a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. D. Vomiting blood is a sign of irritable bowel syndrome

Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Which of the following groups of Americans is most at risk of undernutrition? Pregnant women Alcoholics School-age children Teenage boys

Alcoholics

ATP is A. an energy-capturing molecule. B. a digestive enzyme released by the pancreas. C. an antioxidant that's used to preserve refined cereals. D.a hormone that increases protein deposits in muscle tissue.

An energy-capturing molecule.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Most food guides include cream as a member of the dairy foods group. B. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils. C. Because margarine is a substitute for butter, it is classified as a dairy food. D. Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group

Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils.

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism? AMuscle cells breaking down fat to release heat Brain cells destroying chemicals that transmit information between the cells Bone cells using protein, calcium, and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture White blood cells metabolizing glucose for energy

Bone cells using protein, calcium, and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture

A primary function of the digestive system is the A. transmission of nervous impulses. B. breakdown of food into nutrients. C. production of red blood cells. D. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.

Breakdown of food into nutrients.

A serving of food supplies 18 g protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? A.Fat provides the most food energy. B. Fat provides about 75% of total calories. C. Vitamin E provides the most food energy. D. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy.

Carbohydrate provides the most food energy.

For people who are over 4 years of age, the Daily Value for added sugars is 50 g/day. A serving of _____ would be a low source of added sugars. A. crackers that contains 5.5 g of added sugars B. that contains 8 g of added sugars. C. cereal that contains 2.5 g of added sugars D. sweetened applesauce that supplies 10 g of added sugars

Cereal that contains 2.5 g of added sugars

Which of the following foods is the most energy-dense per four-ounce serving? Multiple Choice Orange juice Chocolate cupcake Fresh strawberries

Chocolate cupcake

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, _____ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible. dietary supplements grilled meats potassium cholesterol

Cholesterol

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is Production of hormones. Protection against infections and immunity. Destruction of toxic metabolic by-products. Circulation of blood throughout the body.

Circulation of blood throughout the body.

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Gallbladder Pancreas Colon Liver

Colon

Carter has had ulcerative colitis for 10 years. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of developing A. gastroesophageal reflux disease. B. irritable bowel syndrome. C. colon cancer. D. gallstones.

Colon Cancer

While preparing food, Max wants to use an ingredient that contains a lot of healthy fat in a recipe. Which of the following fats should he use? Lard Unsalted butter Shortening Corn oil

Corn oil

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid eating solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula. MyPlate 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines %DVs DRIs

DRIs

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices? RDAs AIs ULs DVs

DVs

Which of the following statements is true? A. Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. B. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. C. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. D. Daily Values have been established for each nutrient.

Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably has difficulty swallowing. chronic constipation. gallstones. diverticula in his colon.

Difficulty swallowing

the first and shortest part of the small intestine.

Duodenum

Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _____ system. cardiovascular nervous endocrine integumentary

Endocrine

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea? Epiglottis Tongue Gastroesophageal sphincter Teeth

Epiglottis

A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 15 g fat, 18 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?

Fat provides the most food energy

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? Olive oil Grape drink Fat-free milk French fries

Fat-Free Milk

The liver and gallbladder work together to make and secrete bile which is secreted into the small intestine to aid in digestion and break down of which nutrient?

Fats

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? Fresh blueberries Fat-free milk Raw egg whites Lean meat

Fresh Blueberries

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach? Bile Gastric juice Chyme Sulfuric acid

Gastric Juice

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing chronic constipation. gastroesophageal reflux disease. irritable bowel syndrome. ulcerative colitis.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

Grapes

Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers? C. botulinum S. aureus H. pylori E. coli

H. pylori

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably A. bruises easily. B. forms smaller than normal blood cells in her bones. C. has chronic joint pain. D. has numerous ulcers in her digestive tract.

Has numerous ulcers in her digestive tract.

Tamika's 52-year-old father died as a result of a condition that is the leading cause of death in the United States. Based on this information, Tamika's father died from

Heart Disease

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach? Bile Hydrochloric acid Chyme Lymphatic fluid

Hydrochloric acid

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't provide any energy for the human body? Protein Iron Glucose Alcohol

Iron

The second part of the small intestine

Jejunum

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme. pyloric valve large intestine lower stomach gastroesophageal sphincter

Large intestine

The accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the colon. jejunum. liver. epiglottis.

Liver

Food guides classify _____ with oils. ice cream American cheese hard-cooked eggs mayonnaise

Mayonnaise

What are the two kinds of digestion?

Mechanical and Chemical Mechanical - involves physically breaking the food into smaller pieces. Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth as the food is chewed. *Chewing and Churning/Mouth and Stomach Chemical - involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells. Chemical digestion begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva. Saliva contains an enzyme (amylase) that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates. *Changes the substance into an absorbable form/Stomach, salivary glands, small intestine

Which of the following products is a popular dietary supplement among American adults? Aspirin Dried mango Melatonin Poppyseed extract

Melatonin

is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells. Metabolism Homeostasis Chyme Anatomy

Metabolism

The process of digesting food begins in the liver. esophagus. mouth. colon.

Mouth

Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use? MyPlate Daily Values Basic Four Food Groups Recommended Dietary Allowances

MyPlate

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system. endocrine nervous cardiovascular integumentary

Nervous

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should A. take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily. B. increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation. C. not worry because she is not constipated. D. avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation.

Not worry because she is not constipated.

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate? Protein foods Dairy Oils Grains

Oils

A (An) _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions. Multiple Choice membranes organ cell organism

Organ

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? Colon Gallbladder Pancreas Liver

Pancreas

Which of the following statements is true? A. People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder. B.Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients. C. People who consume 95% of the RDA for iron regularly have a high risk of developing an iron deficiency. D. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called umami. peristalsis. reflux. segmentation.

Peristalsis

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy? Iron Protein Vitamin D Cholesterol

Protein

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin. %DV EAR RDA UL

RDA

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who need to boost their nutrient intakes. Which of the following is a dietary standard that he is likely to use to develop the new formula? Dietary Guidelines %DVs MyPlate RDAs

RDAs

According to numerous scientific studies, low levels of physical activity are associated with increased chances of developing excess body fat and type 2 diabetes. Based on this information, lack of physical activity is a risk factor. deficiency condition. metabolic antagonist. critical determinant.

Risk Factor

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? Beef fat Safflower oil Unsalted butter Lard

Safflower oil

Some food guides classify dried beans and peas with seeds and nuts. fruits and vegetables. oils. dairy products.

Seeds and nuts

Chyme is the A. large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream. B. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete. C. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. D. organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells.

Semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

Which area of the digestive system is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption.

Small intestine

Robin reads Nutrition Facts panels on packaged foods to choose nutrient-dense products. By reading the panels, she is able to determine the amount of _____ in a serving of a food. additives sodium pesticides water

Sodium

One day, Donnie ate snacks that included peanut butter on crackers, a bowl of chocolate pudding made with low-fat milk, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and a hard-cooked egg. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is a major source of empty calories in Americans' diets? Peanut butter Soft drink Hard-cooked egg Chocolate pudding

Soft Drink

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored, sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as carbohydrate-rich foods. fruit juices. sources of empty calories. watery fluids.

Sources of empty calories

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth. starch water protein alcohol

Starch

Which of the following statements is true? A. The FDA must review every health-related claim before a dietary supplement manufacturer can display the claim on a label. B. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to display structure/function claims on package labels. C. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases. D. The FDA has established Daily Values for nonnutrient dietary supplements.

The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice A. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons. B. Registered dietitians use MyPlate as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy. C. Registered dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets. D. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C each day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease.

The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

Phyllis is a food scientist who works for a company that manufactures medical products. She wants to prepare a formula diet for people who cannot eat "regular foods." Her formula for a day's supply of the product contains 300 g glucose, 30 g fiber, 200 g fat, 70 g protein, and all essential vitamins and minerals. The Food and Drug Administration didn't approve this product for sale. Why? A. The product was found to contain too much alcohol. B. The product doesn't contain water. C. The product needs more fiber. D. The product needs flavoring additives.

The product needs more fiber.

During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for gallstones. irritable bowel syndrome. gastroesophageal reflux disease. ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis.

Jerome has a disease that reduces his body's ability to absorb nutrients. As a result of this disease, Jerome has ____. free radical toxicity undernutrition eating disorders malabsorption syndrome

Undernutrition

Diet refers to a person's

Usual pattern of food choices

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. villi arteries neurons lacteals

Villi

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? Fat Alcohol Vitamin C Correct Carbohydrate

Vitamin C

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin? A) The chemical has a very limited range of safe intake. B) The chemical is in grapes, cherries, and tomatoes. C)When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning. D)When large amounts of the chemical are consumed, no health problems occur.

When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning.

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the A. optimal amount of a nutrient that 100% of the population can safely consume daily. B. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population. C. minimum amount of a nutrient that prevents the nutrient's deficiency disease in 98% of the population. D. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency.

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

Yamiche is a biochemist with a company that manufacturers substances that can be added to foods to improve their flavor. She's discovered a chemical that she called "Agent X" in beet juice. Agent X prevents human cell membranes from being damaged by highly unstable substances that are in the environment. Based on this information, Agent X is a(an) ____.

antioxidant

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he A. eat more meals that include foods made with tomato-based sauces. B. raise the foot of his bed by 3 inches, so his head is lower than his feet when he lies down. C. avoid overeating during meals. D. take a multivitamin/multimineral pill that supplies at least 300 mg vitamin C before meals.

avoid overeating during meals.

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he A. raise the foot of his bed by 3 inches, so his head is lower than his feet when he lies down. B. eat more meals that include foods made with tomato-based sauces. C. avoid overeating during meals. D. take a multivitamin/multimineral pill that supplies at least 300 mg vitamin C before meals.

avoid overeating during meals.

While in college, Rachael gained several pounds of body fat. She wants to use the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans to achieve a healthy body weight. According to these guidelines, she should A. eat grapefruit and other foods that increase the metabolic rate. B. increase her intake of protein-rich foods. C. become more physically active. D. consume fewer potassium-rich foods.

become more physically active.

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

bioavailability

Which of the following substances is a phytochemical? Caffeine Iron Vitamin D Cholesterol

caffeine

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common house plant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy when it's injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia A. can be marketed as a dietary supplement because it's from a plant. B. cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement. C. can be marketed as a dietary supplement, but only if it's promoted as a conventional food item. D.cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because its source is widespread in nature.

cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement.

Jeremy would like to know the daily amount of vitamin C that is recommended for his life stage/sex group. He can obtain this information by A. checking the RDA table for vitamin C. B. calculating his EER. C. estimating his AMDR. D. reading Nutrition Facts panels to determine the %DV for vitamin C.

checking the RDA table for vitamin C.

The stomach churns food, mixing it with gastric juice. secretes enzymes, including bile and various amylases. produces sulfuric acid, which helps digest starch. absorbs most vitamins and minerals.

churns food, mixing it with gastric juice.

The primary function of the respiratory system is the A. transmission of nervous impulses. B. production of red blood cells. C. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. D. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Last night Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop chronic constipation. gastroesophageal reflux disease. ulcerative colitis. irritable bowel syndrome.

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she A. is heavier than average for her height. B. absorbs excessive amounts of vitamins. C. is taller than most children who are her age. D. has difficulty digesting food.

has difficulty digesting food.

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the A) amount that meets the nutrient needs of 98% of the population. B) precise amount that has been proven to cure the nutrient's deficiency disorder in humans. C)minimum amount that can be tolerated on an empty stomach when consumed as a dietary supplement. D) highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine. ileum jejunum duodenum colon

ileum

The energy value of a raw peach is reported as a number of rads. milligrams. kilocalories. thermals.

kilocalories

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat

Marcus has an infection that interferes with the functioning of his villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness. lose weight rapidly absorb vitamins efficiently digest proteins more rapidly build muscle tissue more efficiently

lose weight rapidly

To produce the maximum amount of energy from the breakdown of macronutrients, human cells require sunlight. amino acids. oxygen. carbon dioxide.

oxygen

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat headaches and arthritis. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing chronic constipation. pancreatic failure. peptic ulcers. irritable bowel syndrome.

peptic ulcers

A chemist would like to develop a functional food that includes a phytochemical, which may reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers. Based on this information, which substance is the chemist most likely to use? Quercetin Vitamin D Capsaicin Caffeine

quercetin

A team of scientists determines that 50% of healthy women who are between 19 and 30 years of age need 40 mg of a vitamin to prevent developing the vitamin's deficiency disorder. Based on this information, the A. scientists can determine the RDA for the vitamin. B. women can meet their AMDR for the vitamin by consuming at least 40 mg/day. C. women will develop the vitamin's toxicity disorder when they consume between 40 and 50 mg of the vitamin on a daily basis for about 10 weeks. D. UL for the vitamin will be based on the EER value.

scientists can determine the RDA for the vitamin.

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the United States? Eating fatty food Smoking cigarettes Consuming too much added sugar Exercising infrequently

smoking cigarettes

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

taking antidepressant medication.

A nutrient requirement is A) an amount of a nutrient that ensures optimal nutritional status. B) an amount of a nutrient that includes a "margin of safety." C) the recommended daily intake of a nutrient. D) the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

weight loss as a result of starvation