HLTH 231 Exam 1
Alicia has been experiencing persistent sadness, despair, and hopelessness. She is displaying symptoms of....
A chronic mood disorder
Which of the following living environments would likely increase your chances of suffering from seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
A northern state that experiences long winter nights.
Marcella has a persistent fear of social situations; she is suffering from...
A phobia
What percentage of the world's population lacks adequate sleep?
About 45%
Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for...
Cardiovascular disease
An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is know as...
Chronic stress
The disruption of which factor results in jet lag?
Circadian rhythm
Which of the following actions helps maintain a sleep=promoting environment? - Comfort: Keep your cell phone, TV, laptop, and/or other devices by your bed so that you know you can reach them easily should you need them. - Cleanliness: Wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and get rid of clutter. - Warmth: Set the thermostat in your bedroom to 68-70 degrees Fahrenheit. - Light: Keep the bedroom brightly lit until you are ready to go to sleep.
Cleanliness: Wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and rid of clutter.
Sleep disorders can be diagnosed through a(an)...
Clinical sleep study
Lengthy cohabitation that is considered legally binding in some states is...
Common-law marriage
According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which type of love combines commitment and intimacy?
Companionate
After working on a class project all week and only sleeping about four hours per night, Courtney is...
Compromising her immunity
In relationships, the process of resolving differences peacefully and creatively is...
Conflict resolution
When Marlon gets adequate sleep the night before his intramural basketball games, he has more energy and can run faster and perform better. This can be attributed to...
Conservation of body energy during sleep.
Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a
Consumable reinforcer
The most commonly prescribed therapy for obstructive sleep apnea is...
Continuous positive airway pressure
The Russians hacking of polling software during the 2016 U.S. elections is an example of...
Cybercrime
Which of the following statements about campus violence is true? - Mass shootings are the most common form of violence on college campuses. - Nearly one in twenty undergraduate females report having been sexually assaulted since entering college. - More male than female college students report having been stalked. - Almost 2 percent of college males report having been in a physically abusive relationship.
Almost 2 percent of college males report having been in a physically abusive relationship.
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning emotional health?
An emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others.
Which of the following is a useful strategy to prevent explosive anger?
Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others.
There have been recent reports of date rape drugs being used at campus parties. What should female students do to protect themselves from being the victim of drug-facilitated crimes?
Don't accept open or unsealed drinks and don't leave drinks unattended.
You have been a successful doctor of internal medicine for many years. You recently gave up your large practice in the city to join the staff of a small-town clinic where you will work four days a week. Which method are you using to manage stress?
Downshifting
In a relationship, commitment means that...
Each partner intends to act over time in a way that perpetuates the well-being of the other.
Intense feelings or patterns of feelings that people experience are...
Emotions
Violence directed at others and based on prejudice and discrimination is...
Ethnoviolence
Carol believes that she sleeps reasonably well at night, yet she feels chronically sluggish and frequently nods off during classes. Carol is most likely experiencing...
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of exercise on your quality of sleep? - Aerobic exercise improves sleep more than aerobic exercise combined with stretching. - Exercising strenuously heats up your body and thereby helps you to fall asleep. - Exercising strenuously in the morning or afternoon boosts sleep quality. - Exercising a couple of hours before sleep improves sleep more than exercising in the morning.
Exercising strenuously in the morning or afternoon boosts sleep quality.
Adequate sleep may enhance intellectual health in all the following ways EXCEPT by...
Expending energy
The personality trait that involves the ability to adapt to a social situation and demonstrate assertiveness is known as...
Extroversion
Which of the following was a major contributor to the 626 boating fatalities that occurred in 2015? - failure to check the weather before setting out - failure to wear a personal flotation device - collision with another craft - operator overconfidence
Failure to check the weather before setting out
Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.
Sam and Kris have entered a relationship and are very preoccupied with each other. They constantly want to be with or talk to each other. This example demonstrates that they are...
Fascinated by each other.
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression?
Feeling highly energetic
Stress management consists of...
Finding balance and developing coping strategies.
Effective health promotion programs
Focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health.
One factor contributing to narcolepsy appears to be...
Genetic
During stage 4, a sleeping person's pituitary gland releases which of the following hormones?
Growth hormone
People who frequently use social networking sites...
Have larger social network than non-users, including offline.
Falls are the most common cause of...
Head injury
The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of...
Health
Differences in cancer mortality among specific populations are an example of
Health disparities
Chronic stress has a strong connection to all of the following medical conditions EXCEPT...
Hearing loss
Suicidal ideation is significantly associated with...
High stress and low self-esteem.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is...
Highly treatable
Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT...
His upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding homicides in the United States? - Homicide rates are about the same among all ethnic groups. - Homicides are among the five leading causes of death for persons aged 1 to 44. - Homicides rates increase each year in the United States. - Nearly 90 percent of all homicides occur among people who know one another.
Homicides are among the five leading causes of death for persons aged 1 to 44.
The part of the brain involved in controlling the body's overall reaction to stress is the...
Hypothalamus
How does sleep deprivation affect drivers?
Impairs motor skills
Which of the following is TRUE about power in relationships? - In relationships, power is the ability to make and implement decisions. - Over the last century, the power dynamics between men and women have remained largely the same. - In relationships, power is the ability to make more money than one's partner. - The increased divorce rate in the past century was largely due to men feeling uncomfortable sharing power.
In relationships, power is the ability to make and implement decisions.
Health promotion
Includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health
Which of the following is NOT an indicator that a person's sympathetic nervous system has been activated?
Increased salivation
Exercise reduces stress primarily by...
Increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones
What type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions?
Indirect medical costs.
Maria has difficulty falling asleep quickly, and many morning she wakes feeling unrefreshed. Maria most likely has...
Insomina
Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth...
Is likely to delay care that she needs.
Which of the following is TRUE about stalking?
It can occur online.
Which of the following is TRUE about your family of origin? - It includes cousins and relatives who were living in the same town during your first years of life. - It includes the people who were living in the house during your first years of life. - It includes any immediate family members, such as siblings, who were not living in the house during your first years of life. - It includes your grandparents or other extended relatives who were living in another state during your first years of life.
It includes the people who were living in house during your first years of life.
Which of the following is TRUE about appropriate self-disclosure? - It is synonymous with story telling. - It involves sharing feelings and information as a means of getting to know a person. - It is a key element in unhealthy communication. - It involves sharing secrets and gossip about friends and acquaintances.
It involves sharing feelings and information as a means of getting to known a person.
All of the following are true about cohabitation EXCEPT that... - it is a predictor for divorce. - it can offer love, companionship, and sex. - it may become legally binding. - after a number of years, it can constitute a common-law marriage.
It is a predictor for divorce
Which of the following is true about primary aggression? - It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature. - It results from frustration with minor, daily life experiences. - It will not result in the bodily harm of others. - Aggressive behavior does not necessarily result in violent interactions.
It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature.
Which of the following is TRUE about the term acquaintance rape?
It is largely replaced the term date rape
The vast majority of stalkers are...
Known to their victims
A mentally healthy student who gets a bad grade on an exam would respond by...
Learning from the situation and improving study habits.
The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges...
Made same-sex marriage legal in all fifty states
Social support may BEST help reduce stress by...
Making challenges look less forbidding
Treatment for schizophrenia includes hospitalization and a combination of...
Medication and psychotherapy
Light traveling through the retina of the eye is a key factor in the regulation of...
Melatonin
The general term for a disorder that disrupts thoughts, feelings, moods, and behavior to the extent that it impairs functioning in daily life is...
Mental illness
Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?
Modeling
Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of...
Modeling
A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(an)...
Modifiable determinant
Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is...
Money
Eleanor comes from a low-income family and struggles to pay for her tuition, room, board, and school supplies. The other students in her major all seem to have no trouble purchasing everything they need, as well as new clothes, meals off campus, concert tickets, and the latest technology. Lately, Eleanor has been struggling with feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, and doubt that may be due in part to...
Relative deprivation
Which phase of the cycle of violence is called the "honeymoon period" because the batterer may act apologetic and promise to change?
Remorse/reconciliation
Lisa has a strong sense of purpose and meaning to her life. Lisa is demonstrating...
Spiritual Health
Which of the following is TRUE about intimate relationships? - They are relationships between romantic partners only. - They can include relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners. - They can include relationships with family and friends, but not romantic partners. - They do not include relationships with family members.
They can include relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners.
Which one of the following is characteristics of intimate relationships? - They involve need fulfillment. - They involve a lack of emotional availability. - They involve emotional detachment. - They involve behavioral independence.
They involve need fulfillment.
Amelia and Geoff married when Amelia was 20 years old and Geoff was 23. Presuming that their marriage reflects population statistics...
They most likely married around the year 1960.
Which of following statements is TRUE regarding same-sex couples? - They seek the same things in primary relationships that heterosexuals do. - About 10 percent of same-sex couples in the United States are legally married. - They can legally marry in nearly all countries of the world. - The number of gay and lesbian households has decreased over the past 10 years.
They seek the same things in primary relationships that heterosexuals do.
Psychological health is best described as encompassing...
Thinking, feeling, relating, and being.
Of the following, which factor is NOT a reason people become involved in gangs? - to get away from controlling parents - for excitement - to gain greater financial security - for companionship
To get away from controlling parents.
All of the following are basic mindfulness skills except: - Cultivating compassion for a friend with financial problems. - Acknowledging that you are not perfect. - Acknowledging your disappointment at a poor grade. - Tuning out a noisy student in the library.
Tuning out a noisy student in the library
Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century?
Vaccinations and antibiotics.
Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior?
Wanting to change.
The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is
Wellness
Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include
Workplace safety
Self-disclosure can be a double-edged sword because...
You risk the possibility that the other person will reject you
Which factor would reduce the likelihood of your choosing a particular person as a partner?
Your beliefs, attitudes, and values are significantly different.
All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT...
Your friend's level of stress
Which of the following situations might contribute to impaired immune function?
Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke.
The physiological state in which all body systems are in balance and functioning normally is...
homeostasis
The growth of internet dating has made it easier to...
meet people outside your proximity five the utmost.
In face-to-face conversations...
men frown more often than women, and women smile more often than men.
A relationship in which the partners are sexually involved only with each other is...
monogamous
Insomnia is often characterized by...
waking up frequently during the night.
Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(an)
Reinforcing factor
Which of the following statements about child abuse in the United States is true? - An estimated one in four girls and one in six boys is sexually abused before age 18. - Girls who have been sexually abused have ten times the rate of teen pregnancy as girls who have not. - People with a history of child sexual abuse are no more likely than others to abuse their own children. - Children are much more likely to be sexually abused by strangers than by family members.
An estimated one in four girls and one in six boys is sexually abused before the age 18.
Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress?
An impending promotion
Suicide prevention techniques include...
Asking directly if the person intends to hurt himself or herself.
An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(an)
Belief
Which of the following is a social contributor to sexual violence? - over dramatization of the situation - women sharing in the planning and cost of dates - showing compassion for victims - blaming the victim
Blaming the victim
Which of the following statements about crime in the United States is true? - Homicide is the leading cause of death in Americans age 15 to 34. - More than half of all violent victimizations that occur in the United States are not reported to police. - The U.S. Public Health Service has sole authority for tracking and reporting crime in the United States. - Overall, crime in the United States has been increasing dramatically over the past thirty years.
More than half of all violent victimizations that occur in the United States are not reported to police
The condition that causes people to fall asleep involuntarily during the day is...
Narcolepsy
A person's bone structure is an example of a(an)...
Non-modifiable determinant.
Evan washes his hands more than 50 times a day because of an ongoing fixation on germs; he is most likely suffering from...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
The five-factor model classifies curiosity, independence, and imagination as...
Openness
Which of the following is majority contributor to college students' lack of sleep? - eating spicy food - electronic devices - having to get up early for morning classes - failing grades
Parasomnias
The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to
Perform activities of daily living.
The gland that secretes ACTH is the...
Pituitary gland
A common play used by rapists is to...
Pose as a police officer or other authority figure.
Mrs. J is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(an)...
Possessional reinforcer
A person who experiences flashbacks after a violent mugging might be suffering from...
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Washing your hands before eating is an example of disease...
Prevention
Breakdowns in the criminal justice system contribute to violence when...
Prisons are overcrowded and mental health services are inadequate
To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(an)
Process that occurs in stages.
Which of the following statements about self-esteem is FALSE?
Protecting children from failure may boost their ability to persist in the face of difficulties.
Jake is being treated for depression by a medical doctor who provides talk therapy and has also prescribed medication for his condition. Which type of mental health professional is Jake seeing?
Psychiatrist
REM sleep is named for which physiological activity that occurs while dreaming?
Rapid Eye Movements
James lost his job and was unable to pay his rent. His frustration built to the point that he initiated a physical fight with a friend. James is displaying...
Reactive aggression
A psychologically healthy person is...
Resilient
A person's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth is referred to as...
Self-esteem
Which of the following traits is important in relationships and involves having a realistic appreciation of one's own worth and ability?
Self-nurturance
Which of the following is a key time management strategy that can reduce stress?
Set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end.
According to the PERMA model, which of the following strategies is most likely to enhance your well-being?
Set realistic goals and pursue them with effort.
Which of the following is TRUE about marital rape? - Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime - It is usually an isolated occurrence that happens once - It rarely occurs in women who are pregnant. - It is not a crime.
Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime
Any form of unwanted sexual conduct is...
Sexual harassment
Melanie grew up in extreme poverty, but won a full scholarship to a top liberal arts college. There, her sociology professor, who also comes from a poor family, has been helping Melanie to take a proactive approach to her current stressors and to focus on the future. These strategies are best classified as...
Shifting and persisting
Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime?
Shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery
The difference between hours of sleep needed and actual hours slept is...
Sleep debt
Social and cultural factors that increase the likelihood of violence include all of the following except...
Social support
Which of the following statements about hooking up is TRUE? - Steinberg's triangular theory of love would place hooking up in the infatuation category. - College students today are having sex with a greater number of partners than their counterparts two and three decades ago. - A recent study found that only 25 percent of college students used a condom during their last hookup. - College students today are more likely to engage in a hookup than to have sex with a romantic partner.
Steinberg's triangular theory of love would place hooking up in the infatuation category.
Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?
Stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties.
Which of the following statements about intimate relationships is TRUE? - The only intimate relationship known to be good for our health is marriage. - People in supportive intimate relationships tend to have higher than normal blood pressure. - Having strong intimate ties increases the risk for depression. - Supportive intimate relationships are associated with a longer life span.
Supportive intimate relationships are associated with a longer life span.
Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's
Susceptibility to infectious disease
Bernard is a strong swimmer, so it's fine for him to...
Swim parallel to shore in a rip current
Which of the following is TRUE about major depression?
Symptoms include feeling hopeless and difficulty concentrating
Which of the following forms of stress management originated as a form of self-defense?
Tai Chi
Downshifting refers to the process of...
Taking steps to simplify one's life.
Violence against people or property that is rooted in political or social objectives and intended to intimidate is...
Terrorism
Non-REM sleep is called slow-wave sleep because...
The brain generates theta and delta waves
David woke up in the middle of the night because he smelled smoke. This most likely caused him to experience...
The fight-or-flight response
Emily is experiencing an allostatic load due to a dysfunctional relationship, credit card debt, and a challenging course load. Which of the following defines the term allostatic load?
The long-term wear and tear on the body caused by the stress response
Anxiety disorders are...
The most common mental health problem in the United States.
Which of the following is TRUE about being single in the United States? - Nearly one-third of young adults age 20 to 34 are single. - Singles have trouble achieving intimacy with others. - The number of adults electing to remain single is increasing. - Nearly 15 percent of adults never marry.
The number of adults electing to remain single is increasing.
Which of the following statements about caffeine is true? - A cup of drip coffee and a double espresso have about the same amount of caffeine. - Caffeine consumption among college students has declined steadily in the past decade. - The sleep-impairing effects of caffeine can last for 7.7 hours or more. - Although caffeine is widely thought to increase alertness, it does not actually have this effect.
The sleep-impairing effects of caffeine can last for 7.7 hours or more.
Sean becomes very sleepy by late afternoon most days and thinks he should make time to fit in a nap. Before including a daily nap in his schedule, he should consider which of the following to ensure that he actually benefits from it?
The time of day and length of the nap
Meditation has been proven effective in managing stress. Which of the following is NOT true about meditation?
There is only one mediation style that is considered effective.
Studies associate mindfulness with...
improvements in memory
The sleep disorder in which a person experiences unpleasant sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable urge to move to relieve the sensations is...
restless legs syndrome