HOL microbiology final

The SI V-Scope allows users to _____.

-adjust microscope components adjust microscope components -select, view, and focus on virtual slides select, view, and focus on virtual slides -download images for labeling

Chemicals in a lab kit may potentially cause _____ if mishandled or consumed.

-burns -serious illness -death

The _____ is an adjustable feature of the SI V-Scope.

-coarse focus knob -illuminator switch -stage

A _____ can be used to douse a fire.

-fire extinguisher -safety shower -fire blanket

A Safety Data Sheet provides basic information about _____.

-health effects -toxicity -physical data -safe disposal -health effects and toxicity

Normal flora are found _____ of healthy individuals.

-inside the mouth -on the skin -within the large intestine

To better protect the body from chemical spills, wear _____.

-long-sleeved shirts -full-length pants -closed-toe shoes

A slide should be centered before viewing with the _____ power lens.

-low -medium -high

Many microbiology lessons require _____.

-plate pouring -active time -incubation periods

One should always _____ before working with microbes.

-put on protective equipment -wipe down the work surface with alcohol or a bleach solution -wash their hands and forearms

The laboratory kit contains _____.

-small items that can be choking hazards -chemicals that can cause burns -sharp objects that can cause cuts

List the steps that must be completed before selecting a slide for viewing on the SI V-Scope.

1. Locate and select the coarse focus knob 2. Lower the stage by sliding the ruler indicator to 0 3. Locate and select the illuminator on/off switch 4. Turn on the illuminator by clicking the switch to the "ON" position 5. Locate and select the turret 6. Select the 4x or low power objective lens on the turret control

List 5 precautions that must be taken before beginning an experiment.

1. Protect your work table or surface by covering it with plastic sheeting or a white garbage bag. 2. Open a window or turn on the stove exhaust fan for proper ventilation. 3. Have water readily available as well as a fire extinguisher. 4. For experiments using chemicals, keep a bag of sand, baking soda, or kitty litter on hand to absorb and contain any chemical spills. 5. Examine glassware for any chips or breaks and if found, discard immediately.

Cultures should be soaked in bleach for _____ before disposal.

2 hours

Incubation temperatures should remain between _____ oC for cultures to develop within 1 to 3 days.

21-25

How does using the SI V-Scope compare to using a physical microscope? Include at least three similarities and three differences in your answer.

3 similarities: 1. self-adjustable microscope components (ie. movable stage, illuminator switch, fine and coarse focus knobs) 2. a slide viewing screen, simulating an image seen through a physical microscope ocular lens 3. there are three objective lenses 3 differences: 1. you can easily download the slide image after it is focused 2. there is a slide library containing pre-made samples 3. the V-scope does not contain an oil immersion lens

Most microbiology lessons require an average time of _____ to complete.

5 days

The total magnification for a slide viewed with the high power lens should be reported as _____.

600x

Population of living microbes, in sufficient numbers, for use in experiments

Active cultures

_____ is a solid gel used to grow microbes in the laboratory.

Agar

T/F: Graduated cylinders and volumetric flasks are designed to be heated.

False Graduated cylinders and volumetric flasks are not designed to be heated. Heating graduated cylinders and flasks may cause them to burst and shatter.

T/F: Normal eyeglasses may be worn to substitute for safety goggles.

False Normal eyeglasses provide minimal protection as they are not enclosed around the eyes like safety goggles are. There is no safer alternative to safety goggles.

Area containing an exhaust fan to expel noxious fumes from a laboratory

Fume hood

Certain glass objects are not meant to be heated and could shatter if exposed to a heat source. What are two examples of heat-sensitive glassware?

Graduated cylinders and flasks are not meant to be heated and could shatter exposed to a heat source.

What would occur if an unfocused slide image was downloaded?

If an unfocused slide image was downloaded, the downloaded image will also be unfocused. This is because downloaded images are representatives of the image in the viewing panel.

Process of growing microbes in a controlled environment

Incubation

Why should the incubation temperature for culturing microbes remain above 20°C?

Incubation temperatures lower than 20°C will significantly increase the amount of time required for microbial growth in both liquid and solid media

what common substance can be used to neutralize a spilled acid?

Keep sodium bicarbonate, baking soda (or kitty litter), on hand to neutralize spilled acids before attempting to wipe them up

The _____ should be contacted immediately if you or anyone accidentally consumes or comes in contact with a potentially toxic substance.

National Poison Control Center

Microorganisms found in or on the human body on a semi-permanent basis without causing disease

Normal flora

What are normal flora?

Normal flora is microbes found in human bodies on a semi-permanent basis that does not cause diseases.

Describe the two functions of the coarse focus knob on the SI V-Scope.

One function of the coarse focus knob on the SI V-Scope is to move the microscope stage to its lowest and highest position, which allows adjustments for suitable viewing of a slide. The second function of the coarse focus knob is to help magnify the initial slide when the power is changed, before adjusting the fine focus knob.

Process of melting and adding agar to Petri dishes

Plate pouring

Provides chemical, physical, health, and safety information regarding chemical reagents and supplies

Safety data sheet

T/F: A Safety Data Sheet contains information about first-aid procedures, required protective equipment, and health effects.

True

T/F: A compound microscope is a type of optical microscope.

True

T/F: A sink faucet or hand-held shower wand are appropriate substitutes for an eyewash station.

True

T/F: Always wear safety goggles, long shirts and pants, closed-toe shoes, and gloves when conducting experiments.

True

T/F: Eating, drinking, and smoking during an experiment are never allowed.

True

T/F: Exposure to bright light can inhibit microbial growth.

True

T/F: Goggle, gloves, and a face mask should be worn whenever working with active cultures.

True

T/F: Individuals with compromised immune systems should consult their physicians before working with cultures.

True

T/F: It may be necessary to work on more than one lesson at a time to successfully meet microbiology assignment due dates.

True

T/F: Microbiology lessons often require incubation periods and active cultures.

True

T/F: Neutralize acid spills using sodium bicarbonate.

True

T/F: Paper towels and water are a good substitute for a spill containment kit.

True

T/F: The SI V-Scope is a virtual microscope program which stimulates the use of a compound light microscope.

True

T/F: The V-Scope should be used whenever a microscope is called for in the procedures of a lesson.

True

T/F: The download image function should be used whenever lesson procedures state to take a microscope photo.

True

T/F: The illuminator should be turned on before placing a slide on the stage of the SI V-Scope.

True

T/F: The microscope controls tool displays a labeled image of the V-Scope.

True

T/F: The stage adjustment knobs are used to center the slide on the stage prior to focusing.

True

T/F: To test the smell of a substance, partially fill your lungs with air and, while standing slightly back from the fumes, use your hand to waft the odors gently toward your nose.

True

T/F: When conducting experiments that include vigorous exercise, consult a physician first or ask a partner to assist in participating if you are unable to do so.

True

Burns can occur when skin comes in contact with _____.

acids and bases

Approximately how many total hours should you allocate to complete a lesson that requires an active culture, pouring plates, and incubating microbes?

active culture= 1-3 days plate pouring= 1 hour active time= 3 hours incubation= 24-72 hours total time average= 120 hours

When working with acids, always _____ to avoid chemical splattering.

add acid to water

The download image tool should be used _____.

after the slide is focused

Acid spills can be neutralized by adding _____.

baking soda

At home, a _____ is the best substitute for a laboratory safety shower.

bathroom shower

If any chemical in the kit has been ingested, you should _____.

both call the Poison Control Center and seek a physician

The _____ sits below the stage and varies the field for viewing the specimen.

coarse adjustment knob

distance range that is in focus at a given time

depth of field

A(n) _____ is an example of an appropriate incubation site for culturing microbes.

empty laundry basket

visible area of a slide that can be observed

field of view

The main component of an optical microscope that is used to focus an image at a high power of magnification is the _____.

fine adjustment knob

Tightly woven fabric used to smother and extinguish a fire

fire blanket

Device used to control small fires in an emergency situation

fire extinguisher

A _____ expels noxious fumes from a laboratory.

fume hood

Slide images are downloaded as _____ files.

jpeg

Escherichia coli resides in the _____ of healthy individuals.

large intestines

Held by the turret closest to the stage, and range in power from 4x to 100x magnification.

objective lens

The turret controls the _____.

objective lenses

eye piece that is typically 10x or 15x magnification

ocular lens

After using loops, swabs, toothpicks, spreaders or any other equipment to transfer cultures, immerse the contaminated equipment in ______.

pure bleach

At the conclusion of experiments involving growing bacterial cultures, _____ should be added to the plates or tubes and everything should be soaked for _____.

pure bleach; 2 hours

Media provided in the lab kit should be stored in a(n) _____ upon arrival.

refrigerator

Consists of absorbent material that can be ringed around a chemical spill until the spill can be neutralized

spill containment kit

The slide is placed on the _____ of an optical microscope.

stage

T/F: Chemicals may be returned to their containers after they have been dispensed.

False Do not return chemicals to their containers after they have been dispensed to prevent contamination.

Most pieces of glassware are designed to be heated.

False

T/F: Conduct experiments in a small, closed-off room, with no ventilation or water.

False

T/F: For the most part, items in the lab kit are safe for use around children and pets.

False

T/F: Induce vomiting and drink copious amounts of water if chemicals are ingested.

False

T/F: Laboratory-style incubators are required for culturing the microbes used in SI lessons.

False

T/F: Low incubation temperatures decrease the amount of time required for microbial growth.

False

T/F: Most microbiology lessons can be completed in 1 or 2 hours.

False

T/F: Normal flora are pathogens typically found in or on the human body.

False

T/F: Normal flora frequently cause disease to healthy individuals.

False

T/F: Slides are arranged in the order of lesson sequence in the slide library.

False

T/F: The depth of field is independent of the total magnification factor.

False

T/F: The quick reference guide is located in microscope controls tab located below the microscope.

False

T/F: Virtual slides are located in the view slide tab.

False

T/F: First-aid kits are best substituted by bandages and alcohol.

False -There is no substitution

What are small-scale techniques?

Small-scale techniques are very small quantities of chemicals that contributed to the safety of the experiments.

Describe two methods of locating a slide for viewing on the SI V-Scope.

The first method of locating a slide for viewing on the SI V-scope is by going to the slide library, which contains already prepared slides. You can then scroll through the listed slides to find the exact slide. The second method of locating a slide for viewing is by going to the slide library and providing the slide name in the search bar.

why should a used chemical container never be refilled?

Used chemical containers should never be refilled because used chemicals may be contaminated and you could end up with an unexpected and potentially unpleasant reaction.

When should hands be washed when working with cultures?

You should wash your hands before and after wearing gloves when working with cultures.

Will you need to conduct more than one experiment at a time to meet the assignment due dates? Explain your answer by referencing the completed calendar.

You will not need to conduct more than one experiment at a time to meet assignment due dates. This is because one experiment takes days to complete and you cannot start a new experiment until you have completed every section of the previous one. It is best to say that you should complete one experiment a week to stay on track with completing everything before the course deadline.

Calculated by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens with the objective lens

total magnification factor