Homework #12

The movement of protons through ATP synthase occurs from the

intermembrane space to the matrix.

Under anaerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is converted to

lactic acid

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by

lowering the energy of activation required.

How often can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolyze sucrose?

many time

The energy of activation is best described as

the energy threshold that must be reached before a reaction can proceed and products may be formed.

Where does this occur?

mitochondial matrix

What does ADP+P

Adenosine diphosphate + phosphate

____ is relased and ATP if produced

Carbon dixode

NADH molcules deliver electron to the ________________and ____ is produced?

ETC ATP

(T/F) If the end product of a biochemical pathway becomes available in the environment, it is crucial for the cell to continue making the product.

False

(T/F) The citric acid cycle is responsible for producing the bulk of the ATP generated during celluar respiration

False

Where is sucrase found in the human body?

on the microvilli of the small intestine

Which of the following best describes the reduction of the coenzyme NAD?

NAD+ + H -> NADH

(T/F) A biochemical pathway consists of a specific sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

True

(T/F) During glycolysis, a 6-carbon sugar diphosphate molecule is split into two 3-carbon sugar phosphate molecules.

True

Consider the biochemical pathway used to synthesize the amino acid proline. A high increase in the level of proline will most likely lead to

a decrease in proline production.

During glycosis is it anaerboic of aerobic?

anaerobic

A single "turn" of the Krebs cycle will yield

1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2.

The overall process of glycolysis is responsible for breaking down one glucose molecule into

1 molecule of pyruvate and 2 molecules of ATP

Arrange the following electron acceptors in the proper order in which they participate in electron transport. 1 = Cytochrome c 2 = Oxygen 3 = Cytochrome c oxidase

1,3,2

The NET result of a single glycolysis run is the formation of

2 NADH and 2 ATP.

The initial reaction of the Krebs cycle involves the addition of a

2-carbon molecule to a 4-carbon molecule.

What does ATP mean?

Adenosine triphosophate

(T/F) A single "turn" of the Krebs cycle involves three different decarboxylation reactions

False

(T/F) The formation of ATP as a result of the activity of the electron transport system is termed substrate-level phosphorylation.

False

(T/F) The reactions that make up cellular respiration occur entirely within the mitochondria of cells.

False

(T/F) Under aerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is further reduced to yield more ATP.

False

The electrons that are transferred through the electron transport system initially belonged to

NADH and FADH2

(T/F) Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

True

(T/F) Enzymes have no effects on the energy levels of the reactants or products of reactions, only the energy of activation.

True

(T/F) NADH serves as an electron carrier that can donate its hydrogen to other molecules.

True

(T/F) The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrion

True

(T/F) When oxygen accepts electrons, water is produced as a byproduct.

True

(T/F) Whenever a molecule is oxidized, another molecule must be reduced

True

A hydrogen atom consists of

a proton and an electron.

Pyruvate is modified to _____.

acetyl CoA,

Before entering the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is converted to

acetyl-CoA.

Is citric acid cycle anaerobic or aerobic?

aerobic

In simple terms sucrase

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose.

How does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?

by binding to the active site

What does cycle does it enter?

citric acid.

What does ATP do?

energy relased from Atp for reaction in the cell

Blood sugar refers to what molecules circulating in blood?

glucose

During ________, glucose is split into 3-carbob pyruvate molecules. This occurs in the ________.

glycosis, cytoplam

Where does this occur at?

mitochondrial cristae

Cells obtain energy by ________ food molecules such as glucose.

oxidatizing

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to what?

pyruvate.

The purpose of the preparatory reaction is to break down ________ into ________ so it can enter the citric acid cycle.

pyruvate; acetyl-CoA

What does the inhibitor bind to during feedback inhibition?

the allosteric site of the enzyme is being inhibited

In feedback inhibition, the inhibitor of the biochemcial pathway is typically

the final product of the biochemical pathway.