homework chapter 11.8-11.14

What are lymphocytes?

white blood cells

Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immune system?

Lymphocytes

How do vaccines convey long-term immunity to some pathogens?

Memory cells

The thyroid gland plays a major role in the regulation of ____________________.

metabolism

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle?

Allergy

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?

Alveoli

How does HIV infection weaken the immune system?

HIV destroys helper T cells.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a vein?

Is a location of exchange with body cells

Body cells that respond to insulin include

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Liver cells.

Which carbohydrates are present on the surface of the red blood cells of a person with blood type O?

No carbohydrates are present on the surface of the red blood cells

If your red blood cells have no carbohydrate markers on the membrane, what is your blood type?

O

What happens during diastole?

The heart muscles relax, allowing blood to flow into all chambers of the heart.

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller?

The hypothalamus

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries.

They only carry blood away from the heart.

The way the pancreas regulates glucose levels in the blood stream follows ________.

a negative feedback mechanism

The aorta transports blood _________.

to the bodily tissues

Which of the following correctly explains what a heart attack is?

Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked.

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies?

B cells

A person with carbohydrates A and B on the surface of their red blood cells will have which of the following blood types?

Blood type AB, as both A and B are present

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart.

Body Left atrium Left ventricle Lungs Right atrium Right ventricle Body

Select the feature which is involved in the clotting process.

Both platelets and fibrin

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels, causing redness and swelling?

Inflammatory response

The respiratory system exchanges which gases?

Oxygen is inhaled, while carbon dioxide is exhaled.

____________ diffuses out of the alveoli and into the pulmonary capillaries, while _______ diffuses out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveolar sacs.

Oxygen; carbon dioxide

Which of the following combinations of components of blood play a role in blood clotting?

Platelets and fibrin

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

A liver cell responds to insulin by

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

In what way can the human circulatory system be described as double circulation?

The heart has two chambers.

When blood glucose levels are low

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

When blood glucose levels are high

The pancreas releases insulin.

What are hormones?

They are chemicals transported in the blood that affect target cells throughout the body.

Where do fat-soluble hormones act?

They bind to receptors in the cytoplasm of target cells after diffusing through the plasma membrane.

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node?

To initiate the contraction of the heart

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system.

To produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

What is the main role of T cells in the immune response?

To stimulate the production of immune cells

Which of the following blood cells fights infections?

White blood cells

___________ carry blood from the heart, while ____________ carry blood to the heart.

arteries; veins

Veins carry ________.

blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide

The cardiovascular system consists of ________.

blood vessels, heart, blood

Blood types A, B, AB, and O are determined by ________.

carbohydrates on the surface of the red blood cells

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood ________.

from the heart to the lungs

The systemic circuit specifically circulates blood ________.

from the heart to the rest of the body

What type of disorder is AIDS?

immunodeficiency

The pulmonary arteries carry _______________ blood.

oxygen-poor

A double circulatory system is composed of a ______________ circuit and a(n) ______________ circuit.

pulmonary; systemic

The ______________ is the chamber where blood enters the heart from the body and receives ____________ blood

right atrium; deoxygenated

Estradiol, a female steroid hormone, is mostly produced and secreted by ovaries into the bloodstream where the hormone can travel through the entire body. How does nature insure that estradiol only affects appropriate target cells and NOT all of the cell types in the body?

Similar to other fat-soluble hormones, estradiol diffuses through cell membranes. Once inside the cell, the hormone binds to receptor proteins, which are only present in appropriate target cells. The hormone has no effect unless bound to the matching receptor protein.

Following an injury to your hand, the injured area appears red and swollen. It feels painful and warm to the touch. What is the cause of these symptoms

The inflammatory response

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?

Vaccines