Honors Bio - MidtermWhich of the following statements about cells is true?

The stroma is the

thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane

The function of the nucleolus is

to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.

cristae

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

nucleoid

The function of chloroplasts is

photosynthesis

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the

peroxisome

Archaea are composed of ________ cells.

prokaryotic

The cells that produce hair made of protein contain a lot of ________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ________.

rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from

10 to 100 micrometers.

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

All cells have internal structures that move.

Which of the following statements regarding membrane protein function is false?

Membrane proteins produce phospholipids.

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false?

Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.

A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments would be best, and why?

a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells

Resolution is the

ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments

are mainly composed of actin, whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin. Submit

Which of the following cells has the greatest surface-to-volume ratio?

bacterium

A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________.

cell surfaces; internal cell structures

The function of mitochondria is

cellular respiration

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.

chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

chromatin

Cilia differ from flagella in that

cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of

diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer. Submit

What type of microscopy allowed scientists to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells?

fluorescence microscopy

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are

gap functions

A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they

have gained water and burst.

The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes

helps to keep phospholipids from being too close to one another.

The extracellular matrix attached to cells via glycoproteins may then bind to ________ in the plasma membrane.

integrins

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

Tay-Sachs disease results from the malfunction of

lysosomes.

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence except the fact that

mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes.

Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?

peroxisomes

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?

plasma membrane.

Contractile vacuoles

prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.

Secretory proteins are

released from the cell through the plasma membrane.

Melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of

ribosomes.