Honors Chemistry Chapter 11 - Key Questions and Vocabular

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of benzene (C6H6(l))

2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) --> 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

Complete and balance this decomposition reaction: HI -->

2HI --> H2 + I2

How can you predict the formation of a precipitate in a double-replacement reaction?

By using general rules for solubility of ionic compounds

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of heptane (C7H16(l))

C7H16(l) + 11O2(g) --> 7CO2(g) + 8H2O(g)

Balance the equation: CS2 + Cl2 --> CCl4 _ S2Cl2

CS2 + 3Cl2 --> CCl4 _ S2Cl2

Write and balance the following: calcium hydroxide + sulfuric acid --> calcium sulfate + water

Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 --> CaSO4 + 2H2O

Complete the equation for the single-replacement reaction in aqueous solution. Balance each equation. Write no reaction if a reaction does not occur: Ca(s) + H2O(l) -->

Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) --> Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Write a complete ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous solutions of iron (III) nitrate and sodium hydroxide

Fe3+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + 3Na+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) --> 3Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)

Balance the equation: FeCl3 + NaOH --> Fe(OH)3 + NaCl

FeCl3 + 3NaOH --> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

activity series

Lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity. A reactive metal will replace any metal listed below it in the activity series Lithium Li Potassium K Calcium Ca Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Aluminum Al Zinc Zn Iron Fe Lead Pb Copper Cu Mercury Hg Silver Ag Lazy People Cant Study Metals And Zany Individuals Like Chemistry More (than) Sane (people)

Write and balance the following: sodium + water --> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Na + H2O --> NaOH + H

Write and balance the equation for the formation of magnesium nitride (Mg3N2) from its elements

3MG + N2 --> Mg3N2

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of glucose (C6H12O6(s))

C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) --> 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of formaldehyde (CH2O(g))

CH2O(g) + O2(g) --> CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Write the products of this double-replacement reaction. Then balance the equation: FeS(s) + HCl(aq) --> (Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) is formed)

FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> H2S(g) + FeCl2(aq)

Write the formula for the binary compound that decomposes to the products H2 and Br2

HBr

catalyst

a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction

combination reaction

chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance 2Mg(s) + O2(g) --> 2MgO(s)

double-replacement reaction

chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds Generally take place in aqueous solution and often produce a precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water Na2S(aq) + Cd(NO3)2(aq) --> CdS(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

skeleton equation

chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of carbon with oxygen to form carbon monoxide

2C + O2 --> 2CO

Balance the equation: C2H2 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

2C2H2 + 5O2 --> 4CO2 + 2H2O

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of pentanol (C5H12O(l))

2C5H12O(l) + 15O2(g) --> 10CO2(g) + 12H2O(g)

Balance the equation: KI + Pb(NO3)2 --> PbI2 + KNO3

2KI + Pb(NO3)2 --> PbI2 + 2KNO3

Write a balanced equation: KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) --> (Lead (II) iodide is a precipitate)

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) --> 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)

Write the products of this double-replacement reaction. Then balance the equation: Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H3PO4 (aq) --> (Barium phosphate is a precipitate)

3Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2H3PO4 (aq) --> Ba3(PO4)2(s)

Balance the equation: CO + Fe2O3 --> Fe + CO2

3CO + Fe2O3 --> 2Fe + 3CO2

Write a balanced equation: Ca(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq) --> (water is formed)

3Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2H3PO4(aq) --> Ca3(PO4)2(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Write the complete ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid. The products are calcium phosphate and water

3Ca2+(aq) + 6OH-(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 2PO4 3-(aq) --> Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(l)

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid. The products are calcium phosphate and water

3Ca2+(aq) + 6OH-(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 2PO4 3-(aq) --> Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(l) (same as complete ionic equation

Write a balanced equation: H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3(aq) --> (water is formed)

3H2SO4(aq) + 2Al(OH)3(aq) --> Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Write a balanced equation: KOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) --> (water is formed)

3KOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) -->K3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Write the products of this double-replacement reaction. Then balance the equation: NaOH(aq) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) --> (Iron (III) hydroxide is a precipitate)

3NaOH(aq) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) --> Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)

Write a balanced equation: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) --> (silver chloride is a precipitate)

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) --> AgCL(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Complete the equation for the single-replacement reaction in aqueous solution. Balance each equation. Write no reaction if a reaction does not occur: Cl2(aq) + NaI(aq) -->

Cl2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + I2(aq)

Complete the equation for the single-replacement reaction in aqueous solution. Balance each equation. Write no reaction if a reaction does not occur: Fe(s) + PB(NO3)2(aq) -->

Fe(s) + PB(NO3)2(aq) --> Fe(NO3)2)aq) + Pb(s)

Write the balanced net ionic equation for this reaction: Ca2+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + PO4 3-(aq) --> Ca2+(aq) + PO4 3-(aq) + H2O(l)

OH-(aq) + H+(aq) --> H2O(l)

Write the net ionic equation for the precipitate formed when solutions of these compounds are mixed: NH4Cl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -->

PB2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) --> PbCl2(s)

Sulfur burns in oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. Write a skeleton equation for this chemical reaction

S(s) + O2(g) --> SO2(g)

Write a sentence that describes this chemical reaction: Na(s) + H2O(l) --> NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

When solid sodium is dropped in water, hydrogen gas and aqueous sodium hydroxide are produced

How do you write a skeleton equation

Write the chemical formulas for the reactants to the left of the yields sign (arrow) and the formulas for the products to the right

What are the steps for writing and balancing a chemical equation

Write the skeleton equation Use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass

Complete the equation for the single-replacement reaction in aqueous solution. Balance each equation. Write no reaction if a reaction does not occur: Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) -->

Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) --> ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

spectator ion

an ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction

decomposition reaction

chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products. Involve only one reactant and two or more products 2NaN3(s) --> 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

combustion reaction

chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light always involves oxygen as a reactant often the other reactant is a hydro-carbon 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) --> 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)

single-replacement reaction

chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound You can identify this reaction by noting that both the reactants and the products consist of an element and a compound Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) --> Cu(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)

What are the five general types of reactions?

combination decomposition single-replacement double-replacement combustion

balanced equation

each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved

chemical equation

a representation of a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas of the products (on the right)

net ionic equation

an equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) --> AgCl(s)

complete ionic equation

an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) --> AgCl(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3 -(aq)

Identify the precipitate formed when solutions of these compounds are mixed. NH4Cl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -->

lead chloride

What does a net ionic equation show?

only those particles involved in the reaction and is balanced with respect to both mass and charge

coefficient

small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of acetone (C3H6O(l))

C3H6O(l) + 4O2(g) --> 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)