honors world history - vocab unit one

philosophe

a group of french intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans in the age of enlightenment

divine right of kings

a political doctrine in defense of monarchial absolutism; asserted that kings derived their authority from God

salon

a regular social gathering held by talented and rich parisians in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science and philosophy

protestant reformation

a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

rationalism

a secular, critical way of thinking in which nothing was to be accepted on faith, and everything was to be submitted to reason

mercantilism

a system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver

skepticism

a thought founded on doubt that total certainty or definitive knowledge is attainable

enlightened absolutism

term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth century monarchs who, without renouncing their absolute authority, adopted enlightenment ideals of rationalism, progress, and tolerance

globalization

the emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas

enlightenment

the influential intellectual and cultural movement of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that introduces a new worldview based on the use of region, the scientific method, and progress

scientific revolution

the intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science

slave trade

European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

continental system

a blockade imposed by napolean to halt all trade between continental europe and britain, thereby weakening the british economy and military

joint stock company

a company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts

reniassance

a french word meaning "rebirth", used to describe the rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity in italy during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries

sovereignty

ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states

triangle trade

commercial exchange in the atlantic designating a three way transport of goods (slaves, sugar, tobacco, textiles, guns)

habeas corpus

constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment - innocent until proven guilty

westernization

policy of Peter the Great. Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture