HORT 100 Quizzes 8-15

Which of the following describes the process of hardening-off plants?

A and C

Why is Illinois no longer the largest producer of pears in the US?

A major disease problem called fire blight was introduced to Illinois from the east coast

"Roundup Ready" plants are:

Able to survive when fields are sprayed with glyphosate, while the non-resistant plants (weeds) die.

When should tomato transplants be planted in the garden?

After all danger of frost is past

Which of the following are true about peas?

All except B

Based on the National Geographic Video "This is Your Brain on Nature," and the Part 1 and Part 3 Lectures, how might today's urban living can be detrimental to our health and well being?

All of the above

Based on the research, what mental health benefits do children receive when they have a green courtyard near their home?

All of the above

Based on what you read in Chawla & Litt, 2015, which of the following forms of 'nature' or greenspace provide humans with mental and physical health benefits?

All of the above

Commercial, long-term storage of fruit prior to consumer purchase includes:

All of the above

Generating Transgenic Plants:

All of the above

If fruit is not harvested as soon as it is ripe:

All of the above

Some of the physical health benefits of contact with nature through gardening or time in green-spaces include:

All of the above

Which of the following are proposed in the research literature to be mechanisms through which nature exposure fosters higher levels of physical or mental functioning.

All of the above

Which of the following herbs is particularly supportive of pollinators and other beneficial insects?

All of the above

Raspberries:

All of the above are true

Should you allow your herbs to produce flowers (not pinch off the flower buds)? select the statement that is most accurate.

All of the above are true depending on your goals for growing herbs

In the article, "Environmental Challenges..." the authors Wortman & Lovell argue that future urban food production should look to:

All of the above.

Which of the following fruit trees produce most of their fruit on spurs?

Apples and Pears

Which of the following are perennial vegetables?

Asparagus

When planting a new tree in the landscape, which of the following should NOT be done?

B. Dig a hole that is 2-3 times deeper than the depth of the root ball & C. Leave the twine wrapped around the trunk at the top of the root ball for balled and burlapped trees

Which of the following herbs is NOT perennial in Central IL?

Basil

If you are growing small fruits in your backyard, for which of the following would you likely need to build a trellis? Select all that are true.

Blackberries Grapes Raspberries

Which of the following are very hardy cool-season vegetables?

Broccoli

Which of the following are not true about the bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)?

Bur oak is a fast-growing tree.

Which banana variety is the most commonly consumed banana?

Cavendish banana

If you want to start growing plants in spring before the risk of frost has passed, which of the following could you use to protect your plants? Select all that apply.

Cloche Cold frame Raised bed Row cover Container garden

The best conditions for the development of bright orange and red fall colors include:

Cool sunny days and cold night temperatures

An 'outdoor room'

Creates a feeling of enclosure and thus is comfortable Has a well defined ground plane Has a well defined vertical plane Has a well defined overhead plane !!All of the above!!

Select all that are true. When creating a planting bed within an existing lawn you can prepare the bed by:

Cutting and peeling away sod using a sharp shovel. Spraying an herbicide. Turning the vegetation into the soil with a rototiller or plow.

Which is NOT part of the post-harvest handling process?

Determining the crop's development stage.

Which of the following is least likely or least true? Urban soils are challenging to use for food production because...

Food crops absorb large amounts of heavy metals from the soils and making the food poisonous.

What are the main environmental issues associated with post-harvest handling?

Food waste and water consumption.

Select all that are correct. Which of the following are mentioned as benefits of schoolyard gardens? Schoolyard edible gardens...

Foster environmental stewardship Enhance academic achievement Develop social skills and sense of community Foster healthy eating Instill a sense of place

Which of the following is TRUE? During the harvest process:

Fruit is cooled down immediately to prolong shelf life.

A cross-pollinated, hybrid plant has:

Genetic information from both parents.

Blueberries need:

Good soil drainage.

Which of the following is true about grape production?

Grapes require heaving pruning each year.

Which of the following are true about bell peppers?

Green bell peppers will turn red if you keep them on the plant long enough

This type of growing structure is passively heated by the sun and cooled by opening flaps or through exhaust fans.

High tunnel / hoop house

Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common biotechnology methods for generating genetically modified crop plants?

Hybrid genetic selection

Why were new technologies, the Third Generation of Breeding, needed in the 1980's?

Hybrid species of cereal crops such as corn, wheat, rice could no longer increase yields fast enough to feed the growing population.

Which growing operation is well suited for a grower with poor quality or polluted in-ground soils?

Hydroponic system

Which is NOT something to consider when establishing a cover crop system, as mentioned in the lecture video?

If cover crop will be allowed to flower, or bolt

Which of the following is NOT true? Fruit harvest:

Is mostly harvested by machines because it saves on labor costs.

What are the consequences of the typical school year (September - May) not aligning with the typical growing season (June - September)?

It introduces children to the concept that some foods have limited growing seasons (e.g., heat-loving vegetables such as tomatoes) and to eat "local" fresh foods means eating only what can be grown locally at that time of year. No one is at the school when the vegetables need the most maintenance.

Why is it difficult to create a resistant version of the current variety through cross breeding?

It is 'seedless' and produces very, very few seeds.

Which of the following is true about crop rotation?

It is the practice of changing the location of crops in the garden from season to season

Orphan crops are defined as minor crop plants that have regional importance, but have not traditionally been traded globally nor have they received much attention by researchers and breeders. These plants are often:

Key for food and economic security for people in developing nations and ideal candidates for crop genetic improvement.

What kind of lights can be used to grow plants sustainably and efficiently in an aquaponics system?

LED bulbs that produce the optimal color range of light

Two types of cover crops used in the Midwestern growing regions include:

Legumes and brassicas

Which of the following is NOT a solution to a typical front yard landscape design problem:

Making the entry walk 3' wide to create a comfortable experience for two people walking side by side

One of the first breeding methods developed in molecular biology in the 1980's was called:

Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)

Which is NOT a method farmers use to determine if their crops are ready to be harvested?

Match the color of the produce to what it is supposed to resemble

Genomic Selection is superior to Phenotypic Selection and Marker Assisted Selection because it is:

More accurate and develops new crop varieties faster.

In an aquaponics system, what do the plants need to grow that can be extracted from the water containing fish waste?

Nitrates

Which is NOT true? Schoolyards are often a challenging place to maintain a vegetable garden because:

Of the lack of shade trees

Which of these answers is TRUE? Hybrid plants are:

Often more vigorous and resistant to diseases, have higher yields, and display other beneficial traits when compared to the parent plants.

Successfully growing small fruits:

Only A and B

Schools often fail to have a schoolyard edible garden because...

Only A and C

Which of the following is TRUE? The Farm to School Program:

Only B and C

Strawberries:

Only B and D

Which of the following is true of the herbs presented in this week's lecture?

Only C and D

Mark the answer that is NOT true. In the lecture on schoolyard edible gardens, you learned research has evaluated schoolyard gardens for the following benefits:

Opportunities for children to engage in citizen science tracking honeybees.

What is the name of the fungus killing banana plants around the world?

Panama disease

Which of the following is not true about peach production?

Peaches require very little pruning.

If you buy an avocado or peach that is 'hard as a rock' (not ripe) what could you do to speed the ripening of it?

Place it in a closed paper bag with an apple and store it on the counter.

Which common covering material is often installed as a double layer and is inflated to provide better insulation for certain types of controlled environments?

Polyethylene film

The Fourth Generation of Crop Breeding integrates biotechnology advances in the area of genome editing, with crop functional genomics, and is referred to as:

Precision Design Agriculture or Precision Ag

Water for irrigating food crops in urban settings is a limited resource. Which of these alternative sources is NOT accurately described?

Rainwater harvested from rooftops is generally free of heavy metals.

Which of the following is NOT a common pest of herbs growing indoors? According to the Missouri Botanical Garden article posted on Compass

Slugs

What is the difference between sweet and sour cherries?

Sour cherries are more cold hardy

Attention Restoration Theory proposes:

Spending time in a green-space supports attention by helping it restore from attentional fatigue.

Which frame material should be used if the controlled environment is being built in a climate where it must withstand high winds and/or heavy snowfall?

Steel

What is NOT a benefit of purchasing locally grown produce?

Storing produce is easier and it will store longer after purchase.

In fruit trees, a 45-degree branch angle differs from a 90-degree branch:

The 90-degree branch angle is stronger

According to Douglas Tallamy, the diversity of plant species we grow on our home landscape has a direct impact on:

The food available for wildlife and therefore the diversity of wildlife (including insects) in our neighborhood and the planet

Which of the following plants produces a foul-smelling fruit-like spherical fruit-like structure?

The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)

When mulching a newly transplanted tree, which of the following are recommended practices?

The mulch should be applied to a depth of 2-3 inches AND The mulch should not be in direct contact with the trunk.

What is meant by training a fruit tree?

The pruning process that establishes the initial overall structure of the tree that includes the leader and main scaffold branches

A plant habit, which is normally a part of the description a of a woody plant, is referring to:

The shape of the crown or above-ground part of the plant

Which of the following is not true about sugar maple (Acer saccharum)?

The sugar maple is very adaptable to urban conditions.

Which of the following is true about pollination of apples?

They are all self-sterile

Select all statements that are true about blackberries.

They can have thorns or they can be thornless. They are usually started from seed in the garden. They don't last long after harvest and are difficult to ship.

Perlite in the soilless mix and holes in the bottom of the pot. These are examples of:

Things that enhance drainage and aeration in a container garden

Why is important to research what the best growing conditions for cover crops are?

To ensure cover crop species have the optimal and appropriate growing environments for their intended purpose

What is the main purpose of incorporating cover crops into your growing system?

To improve soil quality and structure for the grower's primary crop.

In which of the following ways can pruning improve plant health?

To remove some of the fruiting wood or flowers on a peach tree. To help prevent canker development. To reduce problems with fireblight. To lessen problems with borers. !!All of the above!!

Though ______________ is not considered a form of genetic modification by the general public, technically humans have been altering the genetic makeup of various plant species since before recorded human history (Lecture Part 2).

Traditional plant breeding

Cultivated plants typically have a group of common characteristics called 'domestication syndrome traits.' Those traits create plants with three important qualities:

Uniformity, predictability, high productivity

What is the best way to water your vegetable garden if rainfall is inadequate?

Using a soaker hose or drip irrigation under an organic mulch

When growing herbs indoors, which of the following is NOT correct?

Water daily to keep the soil wet

According to the National Geographic Video in Week 13 Topic 1, what happens to our bodies when we go "forest bathing"?

When "forest bathing" our bodies absorb phytoncides, which promote our "natural killer cells" and thus support the human immune system.

When is produce most likely to contain maximum amounts of vitamins and nutrients?

When it is allowed to mature on the plant.

Which of the following are true about sweet corn?

You can buy cultivars with normal sugary, sugary enhancer and super-sweet genes

When pruning most narrow-leaved evergreens (except for pines):

You can remove the tips of branches as long as there are some green leaves remaining

Select all that are true. Green-spaces in cities support human health by:

buffering noise. mitigating air pollution. encouraging more walking.

In the past, food production in urban settings:

hHad generally been limited to community gardens & victory gardens.

Select all that are true. Research has revealed that some of the mental health benefits of contact with nature through gardening or time in green-space include:

more play and creative play in children. lower ADHD symptoms. greater cognitive functioning and management of life issues in adults. a greater capacity for concentration.

Which of the following is NOT true? Urban food production is expanding because...

of the need to reduce rural farms.

In terms of the amount of annual pruning needed:

peaches>apples> cherries