HORT 2000 final

Researchers and commercial growers who are actively breeding plants will use which of the following practices or production methods? (Check ALL that apply) A) Plant two different cultivars next to each other to intentionally encourage cross pollination. B) Isolate crops to control wind pollination. C) Manually transfer pollen from one plant to another. D) Tissue culture to generate large numbers of clones.

A, B, C, and D

Which of the following are common reasons for grafting apples? (Check ALL that apply) A) Height control...mostly apples. B) To encourage genetic diversity. C) Plants that don't root well from cuttings. D) Soil diseases that affect roots.

A, B, C, and D

Which of the following environmental conditions are best for the early stages of vegetative propagation? (Select all that apply) A) Low humidity B) Shade C) Warm temperature D) HIgh humidity

A, B, C, and D

Which of the following nut crops are considered to be a drupe? (Select ALL that apply) A) Hazelnut B) Pecan C) Pistachio D) Almond

A, B, C, and D

Which of the following plant parts can be use to vegetatively propagate plants? (Check ALL that apply) A) Plant cells. B) Leaves or leaf parts. C) Roots D) Stems

A, B, C, and D

Select ALL the characteristics (there are more than one) that apply to Theobroma cacao. A) Originates in northern South America B) Ivory Coast and Ghana are two large global producers. C) Prefers full sun D) Flowers form on stem and trunk, not tips of branches E) Seeds form in a pod

A, B, D, & E

Which of the following statements apply to tissue culture of pants? (Check ALL that apply) A) Tissue culture must be conducted under very sanitary conditions. B) Tissue culture encourages genetic diversity by producing offspring different form parents. C) Tissue culture produces a clone of the parent. D) Tissue culture is a form of asexual propagation.

A, C, and D

Select ALL of the choices that reflect why California is such a major fruit and vegetable growing state. A) Low humidity B) High rainfall in production areas C) Cheap land D) State sponsored water canal system E) Wide range of climates and soils

A, C, and E

Simply defined, a seed is ... (Check ALL that apply) A) a guaranteed clone of the parent B) an undeveloped plant. C) the result of sexual propagation, either natural or assisted by humans. D) the best (natural) way to get variation in offspring.

A,B, C, and D

Yams are native to ...

Africa and Asia

Which Coffea type is considered the best quality?

Arabica

Fruits grown in Georgia do not have a vernalization requirement.

False

What does the the term pot-in-pot in the nursery world?

Growing trees in a container that is set into a slightly larger container that remains in the ground.

In the US, we do not grow tea plants, however we do grow a plant that is a cousin to the plant from which we harvest black tea. The US cousin to tea is ....

Japanese Camellia

Plant breeders make use of sexual propagation to

Make intentional crosses of parents to produce likely different offspring.

Cassava originates from ...

South America

The most common warm season turf grass in the southeast is...

a non-native from Africa

Yams are propagated by planting ...

a piece of the root

A liner is nursery jargon for

a small rooted cutting that is sold to another nursery to be grown out to a marketable size.

When preparing a hole for planting shrubs, the current recommendation is to...

add no amendments to the backfill soil

Assuming cold hardiness (USDA Hardiness Zones) is a non-issue, the two most important site considerations in tree selection in urban areas are...

amount of sunlight and soil water drainage

How wide should the plant hole be dug for a shrub or tree?

at least twice the width of the container or ball

Which ONE of the following grasses is the most drought tolerant?

bermuda grass

Which is the best type of hand-held pruning tool for trees and shrubs.

by pass pruner

Tree protection around construction sites is all about protecting the...

critical root zone

Bananas are primarily propagated by

dividing rhizomes

What type of fruit grows on a Coffee plant?

drupe

In general, it's cheaper to plant an acre of fruit plants than an acre of vegetables.

false

Needled evergreens will tolerate severe pruning (whacking) than a holly shrub.

false

Plantains and bananas are the same species, the name difference refers to the stage at which they are eaten...plantains unripe...bananas ripe.

false

Sweet potatoes and yams are basically the same thing, sweet potatoes are just a little sweeter than yams.

false

Trees and shrubs can be pruned anytime of year so long as you make the proper cuts.

false

Wound paint and sprays are effective treatments for serious wounds and cuts.

false

Which of the following is the best fruit plant when you only have space for one plant?

fig

In terms of highest amount of light emission, what is the best material to use for covering greenhouses?

glass

A bunch of bananas is often called a ....

hand

The overall best time to prune a large tree is...

late winter, just before growth starts

What is the one basic difference in growth habit between most fruits and most vegetables grown in Georgia?

most fruits are perennials and most vegetables are annuals

Most houseplants die from ____________?

overwatering

A banana is classified as a ...

perennial herb

What is the most commonly used material for covering greenhouses in the US?

polyethylene (plastic)

The requirement for the physical breakdown of the seed coat prior to germination is called

scarification

Grafting a Japanese maple requires a top and a bottom component, respectively called the

scion:rootstock

Which of the following fruits is typically treated as an annual in the US?

strawberry

The most important environmental condition to manage for extending the life of a harvested horticulture crop is...

temperature

Peaches are known to be challenging for backyard growers for many reasons. What is ONE reason peaches could be considered good for backyards?

they are self-pollinating

California essentially produces all (90%+) of the US crop of both almonds and walnuts.

true

Cassava contains a compound that is poisonous if eaten without proper preparation.

true

Essentially all North American fruit trees are grafted.

true

Essentially, all fruits and vegetables require at least 6 hours of direct sun per day.

true

In a way, seed dormancy is a survival mechanism for plants.

true

It is best to firm up the seed bed, usually by rolling, and cover the seed with wheat, when sowing grass seed

true

It is generally not recommended to put fertilizer in the planting hole when planting, other than adjusting the soil pH

true

More and more vegetables are being grown on black or white plastic.

true

Most greenhouse crops grown by commercial growers are high-dollar crops due to the expense to build and maintain a greenhouse.

true

One of the biggest apple growing regions in the US is the Wenatchee Valley region of Washington.

true

Pruning is for humans more so than to emulate natural plant growth habits.

true

Rabbiteye blueberries are well-suited to most home landscapes because they relatively pest-free, don't grow too large, and are adapted to Georgia landscapes.

true

Root bound roots are often cut with a sharp object or broken apart when planting to encourage the roots to grow away from the planting hole.

true

Soft wood cuttings are taken during the early season of plant growth.

true

Tea, coffee and cacao are all "shade-loving" crops.

true

The part of the plant we eat of yams, sweet potatoes, and cassava is the root.

true

The release of carbon dioxide (CO2) in greenhouses has been shown to increase the photosynthetic rate of plants.

true

horizontal branches are structurally stronger than more upright branches.

true

the more common houseplants we grow come from either arid regions (aloe) or tropical regions (palms)

true

One benefit of propagating plants from seed is

you can store a lot of very small plants in a small space

In general, in urban areas, large trees grow...

...proportionately to the volume of available soil

Thoroughly watering a newly planted shrub is done to...

...remove air pockets around roots to ensure plant roots do not dry out.

The best time to prune for floral display is..

...soon after the plants have finished blooming

Certain vegetables are hydrocooled in order to...

...take the field heat out the harvested crop

In banana production, how many daughter (not including grand daughter) plants are typically left to grow to a full plant?

1

As a rule of thumb, its best not to remove more than ________ amount of the LIVE plant material, when pruning.

25%

Approximately how much (percentage) produce is wasted from time of harvest in the field to post-consumption?

50%

(select ALL that apply) to practices recommended when pruning large trees. A) Make the cut at the bark ridge and cut at an angle away from the tree to protect the collar. B) Start cutting just out form the bark ridge to leave a small stub to encourage the tree wound response. C) Use a high quality tree wound paint to protect the wound. D) make the cut straight down from the bark ridge, into the collar region.

A

Select ALL (there is more than one) correct answers regarding coffee. A) prefers shade B) originates in Brazil C) Brazil is a major world grower D) The seed is a true bean

A & C

Heading type pruning cuts are ... (select ALL that apply) A) ... used to reduce the height of a shrub that has gotten out of control. B) ... help thin out the interior of a plant to let in more sunlight. C) ... are less like to harm a holly than a needled evergreen. D) ... keep the height down and should should not be done regularly.

A & D

Common names for cassava include (select ALL those that apply) A) Yuca B) Tapioca C) Manioc D) Yam

A, B & C

Which of the following beverage crops go through some form of fermentation part of processing for human consumption? (select ALL that apply) A) Black tea B) Coffee C) Yam D) Cacao

A, B & D

Most commercial fruit growers purchase trees for planting their orchards that are... (select all that apply) A) Grafted B) Bare root C) Asexually propagated D) B&B

A, B and C

Which of the following environmental characteristics distinguish tropical horticulture from Georgia horticulture, especially in areas cleared of forests for farming? A) high carbon loss B) leached of nutrients C) humus washed away more readily D) shallow soils E) reduced quantity of water carried through the hydrologic cycle

A, B, C, D, & E