Horticulture Chapter 15

Clay pots are not commonly used anymore because they are more ______________ than plastic pots.

Expensive

Ebb and flow irrigation systems are not a commonly used irrigation system in greenhouses. True or False?

False

IPM practices are only important to use for field crops, not greenhouse crops. True or False?

False

Light quality has little effect on the overall size of the plant. True or False?

False

Organic fertilizers are nutrient materials derived from mineral salts. True or False?

False

Perlite is a good substitute for peat moss. True or False?

False

Photoperiodism is the length of the light period that influences plant growth. True or False?

False

The best way to ensure proper nutrient levels of greenhouse crops is to only fertilize at the beginning of each month. True or False?

False

Water containing chlorine and fluoride is beneficial to plants because it decreases the occurrence of disease. True or False?

False

An important consideration for watering plants is to be sure to water shortly after the plant shows signs of wilting. True or False?

False (before)

Light intensity is the wavelength or color of the light. True or False?

False (light quality)

Thermotropism is the plant's response to changes in day and night temperatures. True or False?

False (thermoperiodism)

Inorganic Fertilizer

Inorganic fertilizer contains synthetic nutrient compounds that are derived from mineral salts

Tensiometer

Instruments used to measure soil moisture

Light Duration

Involves the length of exposure to light over a 24 hour period

What is a general rule of thumb used when selecting temperatures, which must be maintained for most greenhouse crops?

Night temperatures between 55 and 65°F and day temperatures 10 to 15°F warmer

Thermotropism is a plant's response to ______________.

Temperature

Light Quality

The actual color or wavelength of light

Light Intensity

The actual quantity of light

When supplying supplemental light, what are three factors that must be considered?

The light quality, intensity, and duration

Thermoperiodism

The plant's response to changes in day and night temperature

Thermotropism

The plant's response to temperature

Photoperiodism

The total light energy that may affect plant growth and development

What are three important considerations that must be made when watering plants?

Timing, amount to apply, and watering carefully

Clay containers are porous, which allows more aeration to the roots, and heavier, which provides more stability for top-heavy plants. True or False?

True

For many crops used in ornamental horticulture, it is important to reduce plant size to increase salability. However, this must be done without adversely affecting their aesthetic quality. True or False?

True

In general, the night temperature in greenhouses should be cooler than the day temperature to mimic natural conditions. True or False?

True

Inorganic fertilizers are synthetic nutrient compounds that are derived from mineral salts. True or False?

True

Light intensity is the actual quantity of light being supplied. True or False?

True

One of the important functions of a growing medium is that it must be reproducible and available. True or False?

True

Peat pellets and peat pots are commonly used as rooting containers. True or False?

True

Perimeter irrigation is a commonly used irrigation system in greenhouses. True or False?

True

Some plants are highly sensitive to low concentrations of fluoride commonly put in water systems to prevent tooth decay. True or False?

True

Some rooting containers are manufactured from inorganic compounds such as plastic. True or False?

True

Some rooting containers are manufactured from organic compounds such as peat moss. True or False?

True

Supplying supplemental carbon dioxide to greenhouses is only effective when adequate light is available. True or False?

True

Techniques such as weed control, crop inspection, and environmental manipulation are effective means of preventing pests from entering greenhouses. True or False?

True

What are the first and second considerations when selecting a container? After these decisions have been made, what are four other factors that must be taken into consideration?

Type of container, Size 1. Drainage 2. Durability 3. Cost 4. Shape

What are two ways to maximize light intensity in greenhouses?

Use coverings that allow maximum light transmission & routinely cleaning the coverings

DIF

Using differences in day and night temperatures to modify plants

Postitive DIF

When the day temperature is higher than the night temperature, promoting internode elongation

Negative DIF

When the day temperature is lower than the night temperature

Some letters may be used more than once. A. A substitute for peat moss B. Aeration and drainage C. Moisture-and nutrient-holding capacity 1. Peat moss 2. Vermiculite 3. Sand 4. Perlite 5. Bark

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A, C

What are seven important functions of growing media?

1. Good moisture and nutrient holding capacity 2. Physical properties permitting rapid water infiltration 3. Aeration 4. Drainage 5. Do not decompose rapidly 6. Flow easily to facilitate rapid pot filling 7. Free of toxins

What are seven types of irrigation systems commonly used in greenhouses?

1. Hose 2. Tube irrigation 3. Capillary mat 4. Ebb and flow 5. Overhead irrigation 6. Perimeter Irrigation 7. Soaker hose irrigation

List the six components commonly used in growing media and provide the function of each.

1. Peat moss: High moisture and nutrient holding capability 2. Wood by-products: High moisture and nutrient holding capability 3. Bark: High moisture and nutrient holding capability 4. Sand: Promote aeration and drainage 5. Perlite: Promote aeration and drainage 6. Vermiculite: High moisture and nutrient holding capability

What are four examples of rooting containers?

1. Peat pellets 2. Peat plugs 3. Peat pots 4. Plastic foam

What are four types of plant growth regulators used on ornamental crops?

1. Plant Growth Retardants 2. Compounds Containing Auxins 3. Compounds Containing Gibberellins 4. Compounds Containing GA4+7 and Benzyladenine

What are four different types of containers used to grow plants in greenhouses?

1. Rooting containers 2. Bedding plant containers 3. Green plant containers 4. Flowering plant containers

What are five environmental factors that must be considered who growing plants in the greenhouse?

1. Temperature 2. Light 3. Air 4. Humidity 5. Water

Proper watering of container-grown plants is one of the hardest tasks for employees to learn. Irrigation should be based on A. Demand of the crop B. When the plant wilts C. When plants are turgid D. None of the above

A

Organic Fertilizer

A fertilizer that contains naturally occurring materials that are derived from plants or animals, for example, blood meal, bonemeal, different types of manures, and others

What are two advantages of using clay pots and one major disadvantage?

Advantages: Porous, allowing water to evaporate and avoid waterlogging, can support large plants Disadvantage: Expensive

Azalea pots are A. Half as high as their widths B. Slightly shorter than standards C. Equal in width and height D. None of the above

B

Bulb pans are A. Qual in width and height B. Half as high as their widths C. Slightly shorter than standards D. None of the above

B

Many years ago, most greenhouse crops were grown in clay pots. Today, a majority of the greenhouse crops are produced in plastic containers. Which of the following is a reason for this change? A. Clay pots provide less aeration for the roots B. Clay pots are more expensive than plastic containers C. Clay pots come in a limited number of sizes D. All of the above

B

Which of the following is one of the first considerations when selecting when selecting containers for crops? A. Cost B. Durability C. Size D. Ease of handling

C

Fascination and Fresco both contain a ______________ and two ______________.

Cytokinin, Gibberellins

Benefits associated with plant growth retardants, in addition to a reduction in plant size, include which of the following? A. More uniform and compact plants B. Better appearance C. Improved shelf life D. All of the above

D

Which of the following type(s) of irrigation system(s) are commonly used today? A. Hose watering B. Perimeter irrigation C. Capillary mat system D. All of the above

D

Thermoperiodism is the plant's response to changes in ____________ and _____________ temperatures.

Day, Night

It is important to apply water to the growing medium and not to the foliage of flowers to prevent the spread of ____________.

Disease

What are two types of fertilizers available, and which of these two is most commonly used?

Dry and Liquid Fertilizers, Liquid more commonly used

What are five different ways to prevent pests from entering greenhouses? After pests have entered the greenhouse, what are several ways to get rid of them?

Preventing 1. Prevent pest entry 2. Weed control 3. Sanitation practices 4. Crop inspection 5. Environmental manipulation Getting Rid of Pests (IPM) 1. Biological control 2. Chemical control 3. Genetic control 4. Cultural control 5. Mechanical control