How cells release energy

NAD and FAD reduced become what?

NADH and FADH

what are pyruvates?

a three carbon pyruvic acid

ATP stands for:

adenine triphosphate

2 types of fermentation pathways

alcoholic and lactate

what are heterotrophs and consumers

animals

what is the most poisonous substance on earth?

botox

equation for aerobic respiration

c6h12o6 in the presence of enzymes => 6co2 12h2o 36 ATP

what do NAD and FAD do?

carry energy from an electron to an electron transfer chain

anaerobic respiration starts and ends where?

cytoplasm

glycolysis starts where?

cytoplasm

aerobic respiration starts and ends where?

cytoplasm, mitochondria

FAD

flavin adenine dinucleotide

all living organisms carry out ___________ the same way

glycolysis

electron transfer chain sets up H+ ion what?

gradients

electron transfer phosphorylation occurs where?

in the mitochondria

what is Pi

inorganic phosphate

NAD

nicotine adenine dinucleotide

living organisms don't use what to store energy?

nucleic acids

aerobic pathways require what to happen?

oxygen

anaerobic pathways don't require what to happen?

oxygen

electon tranfser chain requires

oxygen

platns make ATP during

photosynthesis

autotrophs and producers

photosynthesizers

most ATP is used to fuel what?

sodium potassium pump

the process by which ATP is made outside of the electron transfer chain

substrate level phosphorylation

ATP is secondly used for:

warmth

only about ____% of all energy is transfered each energy level

10

net energy gain of glycolysis?

2 ATP and 2 NADH

glucose becomes what in glycolysis?

2 pyruvates

anaerobic respiration is how efficient?

2%

electron transfer phosphorylation produces how many ATP?

32

skeletal muscles and brain cells produce how many ATP?

36

the liver, kidney, and heart cells produce how many ATP?

38

aerobic respiration is how efficient?

39%

how many kilocalaries are released from aerobic respiration?

686

ATP is the product of:

ADP and Pi

universal currency of life

ATP

flow of H+ ions down gradient powers what?

ATP formation

energy of sun is stored where in glucose?

double covalent bonds