HR-CH4

Telecommuting

use of smart phones, personal computers, and other communcations technology to do work traditionally done in the workplace

Critical Incident Method

Identify critical job tasks including: important duties, responsibilities, and behaviors performed b the jobholder that leads to job success.

Job Design

Outgrowth of job analysis, focuses on restructuring jobs to capture the talents of employees, improve their work satisfaction, and enhance an organization's performance.

Job Analysis

Process of obtaining info about jobs by determining their duties, tasks, or activities

Job Rotation

Process whereby employees rotate in and out of different jobs

Functional Job Analysis

Utilizes an inventory of the various types of work activities that can constitute any job...basic activities called worker functions, are used to describe what workers do with regard to data, people, and things.

Herzberg, 5 Factors for enriching jobs and motivating employees

achievement, recognition, growth, responsibility, and performance of the whole job.

Job Sharing

arrangement by which two part time employees perform a job that otherwise would be held by one full time employee

Self-Directed Teams

championed as highest form of team, consist of groups of employees who are accountable for an entire work process or segment that delivers a product or service to an internal or external customer.

Job Description

comes out of job analysis...written statement about the overall tasks, duties, responsibilities of a job to be performed.

Job Characteristics Model

created by Hackman and Oldham...process of three psychological states of a jobholder result in improved work performance, internal motivation, and lower absenteeism and turnover.

Employee Team

defined as a group of individuals working together toward a common purpose, in which members have complementary skills, member's work is mutually dependent, and the group has discretion over tasks performed.

Skill Variety

degree to which a job entails a variety of different activities

Feedback

degree to which carrying out the work activities required by the job results in the individual being given direct and clear info about the effectiveness of their job performance.

Task Significance

degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people

Autonomy

degree to which the job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.

Task Identity

degree to which the job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Job Identification Section

departmental location of job, person whom the jobholder reports, date job description was last updated.

Job Enrichment

enhancing a job by adding more meaninful tasks and duties to make the work more rewarding or satisfying.

Flextime

flexible working hours, give employees the option of choosing daily starting and quitting times, provided they work a certain number of hours per day or week

Methods used to collect job analysis data

functional job analysis, position analysis questionnaire system, critical incident method, task inventory analysis, competency based analysis

Position Analysis Questionnaire System

identifies approx 200 different worker tasks that, by means of a five point scale, seek to determine the degree to which different tasks are involved in performing a job (Accurate, but requires people to have a high level of reading ability).

Telecommuting Advantages

increased flexibility for employees, better work/life balance, reduced absenteeism, retention of valued employees, reduced carbon footprints

Common methods for obtaining job analysis data

interviews, questionnaires, observation, diaries

Concerns with virtual teams

language/cultural barriers, unclear objectives, time conflicts due to diverse geographical locations, loss of intimacy among team members.

Employee Empowerment

less structured method is to allow employees to initiate their own job changes...encourage workers to become innovators, macro managing, etc.

Job Crafting

naturally occurring phenomenon whereby employees mold their tasks to fit their individual strengths, passions, and motivates better.

Flextime Disadvantages

no suited to some jobs, can create problems for managers in communicating with and instructing employees, harder time to advance

Compressed Workweek

number of days in the workweek is shortened by lengthening the number of hours worked per day

Task Inventory Analysis

organization-specific list of tasks and their descriptions used as a basis to identify components of jobs...goal is to produce a comprehensive list of task statements applicable to all jobs.

Job Specification

outlines in detail the specific knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes required of the person performing the job

Problems with job descriptions

poorly written (vague terms), not updated as job duties/specifications change, may violate law by containing specifications not related to job success, can limit scope of activities of the job holder.

Job Enlargement

process of adding a greater variety of tasks to the job.

Ergonomics

process of studying and designing equipment and systems that are easy and efficient for employees to use so that their physical well-being isn't compromised.

Flextime Advantages

providers greater flexibility in work scheduling, reduce tardiness and absenteeism, employee job satisfaction

Job Title

provides status to employee, indicate what duties the job entails

Reasons to implement compressed workweek schedules

recruitment and retention of employees, coordinating employee work schedules with production schedules, accommodating the leisure time activities of employees, improvements in employee job satisfaction and morale

Dejobbing

refers to a process of structuring organization's not around jobs but around projects that are constantly changing.

Employee Engagement

refers to a situation in which workers are enthusiastic and immersed in their work to the degree that it improves the performance of their companies.

Writing a clear and specific job description

short, direct, simple words

5 Core Job Dimensions produce the three psychological states

skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback

3 Parts of a Job Description

Job's title and location, job identification section, job duties section.

Competency-Based Analysis

Looks not only at responsibilities and activities of jobs a worker does currently, but the competencies or capabilities they need to do them well and adopt new job challenges.

O*Net System

Online database classifies jobs into broader functional areas, from entry level to advanced, and across various specialties.

Four Elements Part of Job Design

Org objectives a job should fulfill, industrial engineering considerations, ergonomic concerns, and behavioral concerns that influence an employee's job satisfaction.

Job Specifications Section

Skill required to perform the job (education/experience) and the physical demands the job places on the employee doing it (how much lifting, bending, walking, standing etc).

Industrial Engineering

study of work cycles to determine which, if any, elements of work can be modified, combined, rearranged, or eliminated to reduce the time needed to complete the work cycle.

Virtual Teams

team that utilizes telecommunications technology to link team members who are geographically dispersed