HSS&101 CHAPTER 5 ALCOHOL

21. Worldwide, approximately what percentage of all diseases and injuries are a direct result of alcohol abuse?

10%

34. What is the correct ordered progression for levels of alcohol use?

A. abstention, experimentation, social/recreational, habituation, abuse, addiction

28. The national minimum legal drinking age in the United States is 21. Since 1993 the rate of underage binge drinking in the United States has

B. increased 50%

23. When a person who has been drinking can only partially recall the events that occurred after they began drinking, this is known as a

brownout

27. The effects of alcohol ______ negative emotions such as loneliness, depression, and anger.

deepen

10. Prolonged heavy drinking increases sexual functioning, desire, and the intensity of orgasm.

false

Alcoholics are likely to experience which problems with their memory?

retrospective memory (past events) B. prospective memory (day to day

39. The following symptoms are indicative of what alcohol-related condition(s)?

these are symptoms of severe withdrawal

1. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount (dose) ingested over a given period of time (duration).

true

14. Although alcohol is absorbed at different rates, metabolism occurs at a relatively defined continuous rate.

true

9. One of the most long-lasting effects of alcohol abuse is an inability to experience normal sexual relationships.

true

30. Easy access to alcohol, a permissive societal view of drinking, unsafe living conditions, poor nutrition, and limited access to healthcare and drug recovery programs are examples of what factors associated with increased alcohol use?

A. environmental

26. Binge drinking causes the most problems and is defined as

A. five or more drinks for men at one sitting B. four or more for women at one sitting

22. In the United States, approximately what percentage of hospital admissions are due to medical complications related alcohol use?

B. 25-30%

42. The life span of a chronic high-dose drinker is

B. 9 to 22 years shorter than that of the general population

24. Which of the following statements is true about cirrhosis? A. It is easily treated by medication and reversed with abstinence. B. It is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol, free radicals, and acetaldehyde. C. It is most prevalent among women. D. all of the above

B. It is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol, free radicals, and acetaldehyde.

41. A key enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is ______ and is located in the ______ and the ______.

B. alcohol dehydrogenase; stomach; liver

43. What would speed up the absorption rate of alcohol?

B. drinking on an empty stomach

29. High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing.

C. decreasing | decreased

44. What would slow the rate of alcohol absorption?

C. diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other drink with water or soda

25. On average, the body can metabolize and eliminate 1 ounce of pure alcohol (the equivalent of about 1.5 standard drinks) in what time frame?

D. three hours

12. The name of the first enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is the alcohol dehydration enzyme.

false

16. Alcohol abuse is defined as a compulsion to drink alcohol and an inability to stop drinking once you start.

false

17. Alcohol interacts with more types of receptors, neurotransmitters, and genes than do marijuana and cocaine.

true

8. The amount of pure alcohol (ethanol) consumed per capita is higher in the United States than in European countries, where the drinking age is 18 or younger.

false

19. The effects of long-term alcohol abuse on physical health, neurochemistry, and cellular function are fewer and less harsh than for most other psychoactive drugs.

false

2. The alcoholic content of most U.S. wines is generally lower than European wines.

false

3. Drinking experience, not heredity, affects a person's ability to tolerate a given amount of alcohol.

false

4. Women have a higher percentage of body water than do men of comparable size, so there is more water to dilute the alcohol they drink.

false

11. Major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short time as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking.

true

13. The variation in people's reactions to alcohol is due in part to hereditary factors that affect how efficiently the body metabolizes alcohol.

true

15. A person's reaction to alcohol and level of impairment depends on that person's drinking history, behavioral tolerance, and mood.

true

18. Susceptibility to blackouts and brownouts is also a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism.

true

5. Blackouts are caused by an alcohol-induced electrochemical disruption of the brain.

true

6. When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol takes precedence over metabolism of other substances.

true

7. Alcoholic hepatitis is a disease that affects the liver and is caused by prolonged heavy drinking.

true