HTH 231 Midterm Study Guide

Primary physician care, access to care, child vaccinations and prescription control are:

Weaknesses of the US health care system

Preventative screenings, specialists, biomedical research, and medical technology are

strengths of the US health care system

Children living in poverty are how many times more likely to have poor health?

7 times

What % of Americans are uninsured after the Affordable Care Act?

9%

The top 1% of American families owns more wealth than what percent of the bottom combined

90% combined

What is the US ranked in life expectancy:

42nd

How much does chronic illness cost the US each year in lost work productivity?

$1.1 trillion

Which of the following does the US do well?

-adult vaccination -screenings -specialty care

Which of the following is something all of the Blue Zones have in common?

-plant-based diets -strong social connections -sense of purpose

What are the 5 determinants of health?

-social factors -biology and genetics -individual behaviors -public policy -health services

what is the greatest difference in life expectancy observed between US counties?

15 years

How many peer countries are there? Give 3 examples.

17 peer countries. examples: Canada, Australia, England, Sweden, Iceland, Japan + more of europe

What % of Americans are uninsured before the Affordable Care Act?

17%

How much time do Americans spend watching TV?

2+ hours a day

how does the number of hours that Americans work each year compare to other OECD countries?

200 hours more

What is the child poverty rate in the US?

21.9%

How does U.S life expectancy compare to other countries?

29th place

What did the White Hall Study observe?

British Public Servants (1st was males, 2nd was males and females)

Which of the following countries reported higher percentage of drivers wearing seat belts compared to the US?

Canada, United Kingdom, & Sweden

What countries have a lower breastfeeding rate than the US?

France and Spain

Who is regarded as the father of population health?

Geoffrey Rose

Insurance cost is an example of what determinant of health?

Health services (cost,access, and quality)

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

Heart Disease

The 5 levels of SEM are:

Intrapersonal (family), interpersonal (diet), community (park), organization (AHA), and public policy (21 to buy alcohol)

what country has the highest life expectancy?

Japan

Who discovered the source of a cholera outbreak in London?

John Snow (aka Father of Epidemiology)

What countries provide less health insurance than the US?

Mexico, Chile, and Turkey

Who wrote shorter lives poorer health?

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine

What is a defense medicine?

Over treating and over medicating to avoid lawsuits and potential litigation even if testing is unnecessary

All of the following are components of egalitarian society?

Paid parental leave, livable wage, paid vacation

What president cut funding to the school lunch program?

Reagan

What country is an example of egalitarian society?

Switzerland

T/F the gap between white and African American infant mortality rates is greater today than it was in 1950?

True

What president started the school lunch program?

Truman

What are the only two countries in the world that do not provide parental leave?

US and Papua New Guinea

Which country has the lowest smoking rate?

United States

income is

a social factor

The ability of the patient to actually get to a service when needed is?

accessibility

Having the financial resources to access and use health care services?

affordability

What is implicated in 30% of violent crimes?

alcohol

A health related system offering a needed service and doing so at a time that is reasonable is?

availability

how do US smoking rates compare to those of other wealthy countries?

below 25 (lowest smoking rates)

Example of biology and genetics determinant

biological sex

HIV status is an example of which determinant of health?

biology and genetics

What is the second leading cause of death in the US?

cancer

Which of the following is not an example of an upstream approach?

chemotherapy

Example of a health service

cost of insurance

All of the following are things the US does NOT do well EXCEPT

critical care beds

appreciation of external and internal signs of diversity is?

cultural awareness

Ability of a provider to effectively meet social, cultural, and linguistic patient needs is?

cultural competency

Forcing views and values of your cutlure on someone else without consideration of their beliefs is?

cultural imposition

Personal attitudes about and being respectful of other cultures is?

cultural sensitivity

Example of an individual behavior

diet

Example of social factor

education

A society that shares their resources is referred to as

egalitarian society

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another

empathy

Access to a park falls under which determinant of health?

environmental factors

term that means everyone has the same resources

equality

term that means everyone gets what they need

equity

according to Hans Rosling, which of the following is not a basic human right?

free hip replacement surgery (but contraception, education, and vaccinations are)

A person's internal sense of their gender

gender identity

What is the number one cause of bankruptcy in the US today is

health care

Life expectancy, mortality rates, morbidity rates, and health expenditures are all

health measures

access to care is an example of what determinant?

health services

The younger population in the US has a ________ mortality rate and a ________ life expectancy

higher; shorter

What is the leading cause of death for African American men in Harlem?

homicide and violence

Where did the US rank in life expectancy 50 years ago?

in the top 5

The number of new disease cases is:

incidence

All of the following would increase social support in a community except

increased police prescence

Someone's diet is an example of which determinant of health?

individual behavior

Uneven distribution health in or between populations

inequality

Unfair, avoidable differences arising from ppor governance corruption or cultural exclusion

inequity

What is the most important measure of a country's health status?

infant mortality

Poorer people are having more chronic conditions rather than what?

infectious diseases

What is the fastest growing minority group in the US?

latinos

City that implemented a mental health response team that has been replicated across the country?

memphis

How many days of paid sick leave are US workers guaranteed by law?

none

How many days of paid vacation are mandated by law in the US?

none

provide an example of an upstream approach?

o Education programs o Vaccinations o More nutritional food o Sidewalks o Public policies like smoking bans o Parks o Bike lanes

access to parks in a neighborhood is an example of what determinant?

physical

All of the following are examples of the upstream approach EXCEPT

physical therapy

clean air act is a

policy

The total number of people who have a disease is:

prevalence

Smoke free restaurants are an example of which determinant of health?

public policy

Generally speaking, which group has the best overall health in the US?

recent latino imigrants

Blaming the victim for having a disease is a weakness of which model?

risk factor model

How a person identifies their physical and emotional attraction to others

sexual orientation

chronic stress increases the risk of all the following except?

sickle cell anemia

What makes a peer country a peer country?

similar economic statuses

example of policy

smoke free restaurants

A park is an example of which determinant of health?

social

gender is an example of what factor?

social

What branch of epidemiology studies how social position and context influence human health?

social epidemiology

Income, education, and public safety fall under which determinant of health?

social factors

during the 20th century, US life expectancy increased 30 years. Which of the following was the most important factor behind the increase?

social reforms and increased prosperity

Citizens of other industrialized countries have longer life expediencies and better health than we do because:

they are more egalitarian

How much does the US spend per person on health care compared to the average of the other industrialized countries?

two and a half times as much

What is the greatest determinant of health?

what your income is

What is the best predictor of one's health?

whether or not you are wealthy

Between 1980 and 2000, how did the life expectancy gap between the least deprived and most deprived counties in the US change?

widened by 60%