Human Anatomy

Suprine

refers to body lying face upwrad

Pathology

studies the effects of disease on organ or system functions.

Physiology

the study of the function of liveing organisms

Surface Anatomy

the study of the general form and superficial markings.

Anatomy

the study of the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another it is also called morphology, the science of form.

Cranial and Caudal

Cranial- Toward the head Caudal-Toward the tail

Medial and Lateral

Medial- Toward the midline Lateral- away from the midline

Transverse or horizontal (body plane)

(cross section- perpendicular to long axis, divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Hypochondriac

- either side of epigastric

Peripheral

- extending from the main part

Frontal or Coronal (body plane)

-also parallel to the long axis, divides the body into anterior andposterior parts.

Axillary

-armpits

Gluteal

-buttocks

Umbilical

-central portion

Iliac

-either side of hypogastric

Lumbar

-either side of the umbilical

Pubic

-genital area where the hair grows

Inguinal

-groin

Lumber

-lower back or groin

Hypogastric

-lower middle portion

Dorsum

-upper back (b/t & just below shoulder blades)

Epigastric

-upper middle portion

Anterior and Posterior

Anterior- toward the front of the body Posterior- toward the back of the body

Dorsal and Ventral

Dorsal- toward the back Ventral- towards the front

The 11 human organ system

Integumentary Skelatal Muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic immune respiaratory digestive urinary reproductive

Proximal and Distal

Proximal- closer to the orgin of body (torso) Distal- farther to from the orgin of the body (torso)

Systemic Anatomy

The gross anatomy of the body studied system by system.

Regional Anatomy

The study of all structures (blood vessels, nerves, muscles) located in a particular region of the body.

Cell Physiology

The study of the functions of living cells.

Anatomical Position

body errect feet on floor and slightly apart head and palms forward

Tissue Level

consists of groups of similar cells that preform a characteristic function epithelium muscle connective nervous

Cellular level

the smallest units of living tissue Cells and their functional subunits called celluar organelles

Organ Level

a structure composed of at least 2 types of tissue types (with the four common) that preforms a specific physiological process or function. Organs cooperate with one another to preform a common function.

Prone

refers to the body lying face downward.

The cardio vascular and lymphatic system are collectivly known as...

the circulatory system because of their interelatted roles in circulating fluids.

Microscopic Anatomy

The study of structures too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope.

Embryology

The study of the developemental changes that occur before birth.

Histology

The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.

Special Physiology

The study of the pysiology of special organs

External

- outside or exterior to

Visceral

- pertaining to the organs within a cavity

Parietal

- pertaining to the wall of a cavity

Central

- the main part

Internal

- within or interior to

Sagittal (body plane)

-parallel to long axis, divides body into right and left parts. (also known as midsagittal or medial plane)

Perineum

-region b/t the anus and reproductive organs

Hierarchy of Structural Organization (4 levels)

1. Chemical Level 2. Cellular level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level

Chemical Level

1. Chemical Level: atoms combine to form small molecules and larger macro molecules. Four classes of macromolecules in body: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nuleic acids.

Physiology

Examines the fuction of anatomical structures It considers the physical and chemical processes resposible (for a particular fuction) various types

Superficial and Deep

Superficial- toward the body (not inernal) i.e skin is superficial to the heart Deep-away from the body (more internal)

Superior and Inferior

Superior- toward the head (the torso is superior to the legs) Inferior- away from the head (the legs are inerior to the torso)

Celluar Anatomy

The study of cells of the body. AKA Cytology: analyzing the interal structure of individual cells.

Developmental Anatomy

The study of changes in an individual from conception to old age

Gross Anatomy

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.