Human Anatomy
Suprine
refers to body lying face upwrad
Pathology
studies the effects of disease on organ or system functions.
Physiology
the study of the function of liveing organisms
Surface Anatomy
the study of the general form and superficial markings.
Anatomy
the study of the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another it is also called morphology, the science of form.
Cranial and Caudal
Cranial- Toward the head Caudal-Toward the tail
Medial and Lateral
Medial- Toward the midline Lateral- away from the midline
Transverse or horizontal (body plane)
(cross section- perpendicular to long axis, divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Hypochondriac
- either side of epigastric
Peripheral
- extending from the main part
Frontal or Coronal (body plane)
-also parallel to the long axis, divides the body into anterior andposterior parts.
Axillary
-armpits
Gluteal
-buttocks
Umbilical
-central portion
Iliac
-either side of hypogastric
Lumbar
-either side of the umbilical
Pubic
-genital area where the hair grows
Inguinal
-groin
Lumber
-lower back or groin
Hypogastric
-lower middle portion
Dorsum
-upper back (b/t & just below shoulder blades)
Epigastric
-upper middle portion
Anterior and Posterior
Anterior- toward the front of the body Posterior- toward the back of the body
Dorsal and Ventral
Dorsal- toward the back Ventral- towards the front
The 11 human organ system
Integumentary Skelatal Muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic immune respiaratory digestive urinary reproductive
Proximal and Distal
Proximal- closer to the orgin of body (torso) Distal- farther to from the orgin of the body (torso)
Systemic Anatomy
The gross anatomy of the body studied system by system.
Regional Anatomy
The study of all structures (blood vessels, nerves, muscles) located in a particular region of the body.
Cell Physiology
The study of the functions of living cells.
Anatomical Position
body errect feet on floor and slightly apart head and palms forward
Tissue Level
consists of groups of similar cells that preform a characteristic function epithelium muscle connective nervous
Cellular level
the smallest units of living tissue Cells and their functional subunits called celluar organelles
Organ Level
a structure composed of at least 2 types of tissue types (with the four common) that preforms a specific physiological process or function. Organs cooperate with one another to preform a common function.
Prone
refers to the body lying face downward.
The cardio vascular and lymphatic system are collectivly known as...
the circulatory system because of their interelatted roles in circulating fluids.
Microscopic Anatomy
The study of structures too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope.
Embryology
The study of the developemental changes that occur before birth.
Histology
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
Special Physiology
The study of the pysiology of special organs
External
- outside or exterior to
Visceral
- pertaining to the organs within a cavity
Parietal
- pertaining to the wall of a cavity
Central
- the main part
Internal
- within or interior to
Sagittal (body plane)
-parallel to long axis, divides body into right and left parts. (also known as midsagittal or medial plane)
Perineum
-region b/t the anus and reproductive organs
Hierarchy of Structural Organization (4 levels)
1. Chemical Level 2. Cellular level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level
Chemical Level
1. Chemical Level: atoms combine to form small molecules and larger macro molecules. Four classes of macromolecules in body: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nuleic acids.
Physiology
Examines the fuction of anatomical structures It considers the physical and chemical processes resposible (for a particular fuction) various types
Superficial and Deep
Superficial- toward the body (not inernal) i.e skin is superficial to the heart Deep-away from the body (more internal)
Superior and Inferior
Superior- toward the head (the torso is superior to the legs) Inferior- away from the head (the legs are inerior to the torso)
Celluar Anatomy
The study of cells of the body. AKA Cytology: analyzing the interal structure of individual cells.
Developmental Anatomy
The study of changes in an individual from conception to old age
Gross Anatomy
the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.