Intro to PoliSci Test #1

Karl Marx

The Communist Manifesto was written by __________.

leaving the economy alone to promote growth

The laissez-faire viewpoint recommends __________.

Italy

Which of these countries has had a fascist government?

Theodore Roosevelt split the Republican Party

Woodrow Wilson won the U.S. presidency in 1912 only because __________.

withholding grants from states that refuse to adopt a national policy standard

Federal governments cannot always demand policy change in their component states, but they are often able to exert their influence in other ways. What would be an example of this dynamic?

its autonomous subdivisions

Federalism is the balancing of power between a nation's central government and __________.

states

First-order civil divisions in the United States are represented by __________.

two-party

First-past-the-post (FPTP) countries tend to have __________ systems.

make seats "safe" for one party or the other

Gerrymandered electoral districts __________.

quantitative; qualitative

Numerical analysis is useful for reviewing poll results, but not for analyzing negotiations between world powers. In other words, political science must involve both __________ and __________ data.

reason

Rationality is based on which of the following?

power

The ability to shape others' behavior is known as __________.

psychological

The phenomenon of "groupthink" is a form of __________ power in which leaders spend so much time together that they all believe the same things to be true.

ideological

The states' rights questions that led to the American Civil War were primarily __________ in nature.

irrationally

When people base their political views on beliefs that may not be based in reality, they are behaving __________.

leaving the economy alone

Which of the following best describes the term laissez-faire?

They seek popularity and hold firm views.

Which of the following statements is true of most politicians?

Self-interest can produce social benefits.

Which of these ideas was first advanced by Adam Smith?

Social democracy

Which of these ideologies is based on principles derived from the views of Karl Marx?

Modern conservatism retains many of the principles of classical liberalism.

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between classical liberalism and modern conservatism?

Public administration

__________ is a subfield of political science.

a set of plans to improve society

An ideology consists of __________.

biological

Aristotle's view that, like herd animals, humans naturally live in groups is most related to which kind of explanation for political power?

public opinion and party strength

Compared to FPTP, proportional representation means that the country's legislature more accurately reflects __________.

They believe that change should happen gradually rather than suddenly.

How do classic conservatives address the issue of change?

irrational

Voting for someone who is charismatic but whose policies might not benefit you would be considered __________ behavior.

the penetration of crime into politics

Weak states are characterized by __________.

They each have a federal system.

What do England, Germany, and India have in common?

one focused on culture

Which of the following approaches to political analysis might consider the degree to which people are tolerant of other ideas and religions?

Political scientists are concerned with real conditions, while ideologues focus on how conditions should be.

Which of the following best expresses the difference between political scientists and ideologues?

the role of power in politics

Which of the following concepts did Machiavelli contribute to the study of politics?

They are skeptical of power and see long-term consequences.

Which of the following statements is true of most political scientists?

a component state unable to raise sufficient funds to provide certain government services at the local level

Which of the following would highlight a critical downside of a federal system?

local officials unable to make basic decisions without the express consent of the central government

Which of the following would highlight a critical downside of a unitary system?

its dominant religious beliefs

Which of the following would you expect to have the most direct influence on a country's political culture?

Edmund Burke

Which of these figures is one of the founders of classic conservatism?

fascism

Which of these is an extreme form of nationalism?

He influenced the development of the classical liberal ideology.

Which of these is true of Adam Smith's legacy?

The minimum wage is necessary to prevent employers from taking advantage of workers.

Which of these statements adheres most closely to the ideas of Thomas Hill Green?

Hegel

Which philosopher claimed that art, music, and politics hang together and express an underlying Zeitgeist?

China has become more capitalistic economically, but has an authoritarian political structure.

Which statement best depicts China?

Maoism was a more radical form of communism than Titoism.

Which statement describes the difference between Maoism and Titoism?

Republicans

__________ often try to win elections by focusing on the values of religion, family, and self- reliance.

working structures

Political institutions involve the __________ of a government.

require regulation to function properly

A modern liberal would argue that markets __________.

Increase regulations on the banking sector.

A modern liberal would most likely support which of the following policy proposals?

shifting some powers from central government to component units

A process of devolution involves __________.

effective

A state that is able to control and tax its entire territory would be considered __________.

exploit people and resources

According to Lenin, imperialist countries build colonial empires to __________.

classic liberalism

Adam Smith is associated with __________.

laissez-faire

Adam Smith is most associated with which concept?

extreme nationalist ideas

After World War I, Germany and Italy used ___________ to build support for another war.

The two parties that share the most ideologically will merge into a single political party.

If a "first-past-the-post" country has three viable political parties, but no one ever reaches 50 percent of the vote, what is the most likely result over time?

quantified

If it can be measured using numbers, it can be __________.

weak

If you read reports from a particular country that indicate how easily people can bribe police officers, prosecutors, and judges to get themselves out of legal trouble, this would most likely suggest the existence of what kind of state?

Raising tax rates significantly.

Imagine a country that has new leadership and is committed to transitioning to a welfare state similar to Sweden or Denmark. What is a likely policy action that would allow this?

statism

Imagine a system where there is significant control of industry but there are few welfare benefits paid out to citizens. Which of the following labels would best apply, given the circumstances?

economics

Lasswell's question, "Who gets what?" applies best to the social science of __________.

markets function best when left alone

Milton Friedman and Adam Smith both argued that __________.

modern conservatism

Milton Friedman's ideas contributed to the development of __________.

Smith's economic views and Burke's social views

Modern conservatism combines which of these sets of views?

authority

Political institutions represent established and durable patterns of __________ in a country.

theories

Political scientists build __________ by making connections among empirical data.

empirical

Political scientists use __________ data to look for patterns and eventually form theories.

relates to other social sciences

Politics could be considered the "master science" because it __________.

hypotheses

Potential explanations that a scientist tests are known as __________.

the government is essentially the number-one capitalist

State capitalism in China or Russia means that __________.

Adam Smith

The Wealth of Nations was written by __________.

state capitalism

The current economic situation in China can be described by which of the following?

Politics is the study of "who gets what."

The fact that the United States has different tax rates for different levels of income relates to which of the following phrases?

psychological

The famous Milgram study that asked subjects to administer electrical shocks is associated with what kind of power?

unitary

The process of decentralization in France was intended to make the country less __________.

Aristotle

The statement "Man is by nature a political animal" is attributed to __________.