Intro to PoliSci Test #1
Karl Marx
The Communist Manifesto was written by __________.
leaving the economy alone to promote growth
The laissez-faire viewpoint recommends __________.
Italy
Which of these countries has had a fascist government?
Theodore Roosevelt split the Republican Party
Woodrow Wilson won the U.S. presidency in 1912 only because __________.
withholding grants from states that refuse to adopt a national policy standard
Federal governments cannot always demand policy change in their component states, but they are often able to exert their influence in other ways. What would be an example of this dynamic?
its autonomous subdivisions
Federalism is the balancing of power between a nation's central government and __________.
states
First-order civil divisions in the United States are represented by __________.
two-party
First-past-the-post (FPTP) countries tend to have __________ systems.
make seats "safe" for one party or the other
Gerrymandered electoral districts __________.
quantitative; qualitative
Numerical analysis is useful for reviewing poll results, but not for analyzing negotiations between world powers. In other words, political science must involve both __________ and __________ data.
reason
Rationality is based on which of the following?
power
The ability to shape others' behavior is known as __________.
psychological
The phenomenon of "groupthink" is a form of __________ power in which leaders spend so much time together that they all believe the same things to be true.
ideological
The states' rights questions that led to the American Civil War were primarily __________ in nature.
irrationally
When people base their political views on beliefs that may not be based in reality, they are behaving __________.
leaving the economy alone
Which of the following best describes the term laissez-faire?
They seek popularity and hold firm views.
Which of the following statements is true of most politicians?
Self-interest can produce social benefits.
Which of these ideas was first advanced by Adam Smith?
Social democracy
Which of these ideologies is based on principles derived from the views of Karl Marx?
Modern conservatism retains many of the principles of classical liberalism.
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between classical liberalism and modern conservatism?
Public administration
__________ is a subfield of political science.
a set of plans to improve society
An ideology consists of __________.
biological
Aristotle's view that, like herd animals, humans naturally live in groups is most related to which kind of explanation for political power?
public opinion and party strength
Compared to FPTP, proportional representation means that the country's legislature more accurately reflects __________.
They believe that change should happen gradually rather than suddenly.
How do classic conservatives address the issue of change?
irrational
Voting for someone who is charismatic but whose policies might not benefit you would be considered __________ behavior.
the penetration of crime into politics
Weak states are characterized by __________.
They each have a federal system.
What do England, Germany, and India have in common?
one focused on culture
Which of the following approaches to political analysis might consider the degree to which people are tolerant of other ideas and religions?
Political scientists are concerned with real conditions, while ideologues focus on how conditions should be.
Which of the following best expresses the difference between political scientists and ideologues?
the role of power in politics
Which of the following concepts did Machiavelli contribute to the study of politics?
They are skeptical of power and see long-term consequences.
Which of the following statements is true of most political scientists?
a component state unable to raise sufficient funds to provide certain government services at the local level
Which of the following would highlight a critical downside of a federal system?
local officials unable to make basic decisions without the express consent of the central government
Which of the following would highlight a critical downside of a unitary system?
its dominant religious beliefs
Which of the following would you expect to have the most direct influence on a country's political culture?
Edmund Burke
Which of these figures is one of the founders of classic conservatism?
fascism
Which of these is an extreme form of nationalism?
He influenced the development of the classical liberal ideology.
Which of these is true of Adam Smith's legacy?
The minimum wage is necessary to prevent employers from taking advantage of workers.
Which of these statements adheres most closely to the ideas of Thomas Hill Green?
Hegel
Which philosopher claimed that art, music, and politics hang together and express an underlying Zeitgeist?
China has become more capitalistic economically, but has an authoritarian political structure.
Which statement best depicts China?
Maoism was a more radical form of communism than Titoism.
Which statement describes the difference between Maoism and Titoism?
Republicans
__________ often try to win elections by focusing on the values of religion, family, and self- reliance.
working structures
Political institutions involve the __________ of a government.
require regulation to function properly
A modern liberal would argue that markets __________.
Increase regulations on the banking sector.
A modern liberal would most likely support which of the following policy proposals?
shifting some powers from central government to component units
A process of devolution involves __________.
effective
A state that is able to control and tax its entire territory would be considered __________.
exploit people and resources
According to Lenin, imperialist countries build colonial empires to __________.
classic liberalism
Adam Smith is associated with __________.
laissez-faire
Adam Smith is most associated with which concept?
extreme nationalist ideas
After World War I, Germany and Italy used ___________ to build support for another war.
The two parties that share the most ideologically will merge into a single political party.
If a "first-past-the-post" country has three viable political parties, but no one ever reaches 50 percent of the vote, what is the most likely result over time?
quantified
If it can be measured using numbers, it can be __________.
weak
If you read reports from a particular country that indicate how easily people can bribe police officers, prosecutors, and judges to get themselves out of legal trouble, this would most likely suggest the existence of what kind of state?
Raising tax rates significantly.
Imagine a country that has new leadership and is committed to transitioning to a welfare state similar to Sweden or Denmark. What is a likely policy action that would allow this?
statism
Imagine a system where there is significant control of industry but there are few welfare benefits paid out to citizens. Which of the following labels would best apply, given the circumstances?
economics
Lasswell's question, "Who gets what?" applies best to the social science of __________.
markets function best when left alone
Milton Friedman and Adam Smith both argued that __________.
modern conservatism
Milton Friedman's ideas contributed to the development of __________.
Smith's economic views and Burke's social views
Modern conservatism combines which of these sets of views?
authority
Political institutions represent established and durable patterns of __________ in a country.
theories
Political scientists build __________ by making connections among empirical data.
empirical
Political scientists use __________ data to look for patterns and eventually form theories.
relates to other social sciences
Politics could be considered the "master science" because it __________.
hypotheses
Potential explanations that a scientist tests are known as __________.
the government is essentially the number-one capitalist
State capitalism in China or Russia means that __________.
Adam Smith
The Wealth of Nations was written by __________.
state capitalism
The current economic situation in China can be described by which of the following?
Politics is the study of "who gets what."
The fact that the United States has different tax rates for different levels of income relates to which of the following phrases?
psychological
The famous Milgram study that asked subjects to administer electrical shocks is associated with what kind of power?
unitary
The process of decentralization in France was intended to make the country less __________.
Aristotle
The statement "Man is by nature a political animal" is attributed to __________.