Human Anatomy Exam 2 Review

The intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles is also called the ________ group.

erector spinae

A very good sprinter is likely to have ______

more fast twitch fibers than average

When a resting muscle contracts only enough to produce tension without movement, this is an example of ______

muscle tone

Slow muscle fibers contain large amounts of the oxygen-binding protein ___

myoglobin

The cells responsible for information processing and transfer are the ____

neurons

Mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix are called _____

osteocytes

Which muscle flexes the wrist

palmaris longus

The triceps brachii is an example of a muscle with its fascicle oriented in a ________ fashion.

parallel

The connective tissue surrounding a fascicle is called __

perimysium

The connective tissue surrounding a fascicle is called _____

perimysium

Functions of the peripheral nervous system include _____

providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems

Children whose bones bend laterally producing a bowlegged appearance is a result of ______

rickets

Which of the following is a classification of bone shape?

sesamoid a) triangular b) round c) sesamoid d) indefinite

Distally, the connective tissue of the ________ is continuous with the connective tissue sheath around each spinal nerve.

spinal dura mater

A fracture of a bone that is the result of twisting stress that spreads along the length of the bone is called a(n) _____

spiral fracture

The muscles that form the rotator cuff include the ______

subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus

The rate of conduction of a nerve impulse depends upon _______

the presence or absence of a myelin sheath

Involuntary cardiac muscle fibers of the heart are innervated by ____?

visceral motor fibers

Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle?

All of the answers are correct Support soft tissues Maintain posture Produce skeletal movement Maintain body temperature

Functions of the nervous system include which of the following?

All of the answers are correct. a) seat of higher functions, such as intelligence, memory, learning, and emotions b) All of the answers are correct. c) receives sensory input; coordinates sensory input and motor output d) integrating and processing data e) regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activities

To contact a Schwann cell, where would a microprobe have to be inserted in the nervous system

Along any axon in the PNS, myelinated or not

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands are regulated by the _______

Autonomous Nervous System ANS

Extra Credit- Hypothalamus

Centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production

Extra Credit- What would be the consequences of severing the spinal cord from the brain?

Dependent on the degree of damage, severing of the spinal cord at any level will result in the partial or complete loss of the ability for the ascending and descending pathways to transmit signals up and down the spinal cord. Severing of the spinal cord from the brain causes instant death due to the body's inability to function without the control provided by the brain.

Muscle cells, gland cells, and specialized cells that respond to neural stimuli are called

Effectors

T/F A displaced fracture retains the normal alignment of the bone elements or fragments.

False

T/F Flat bones have a diaphysis, two metaphyses, two epiphyses, and a medullary cavity.

False

T/F Ligaments are made up of collagen and connect bone to muscle.

False

T/F Periosteum lines the medullary cavity.

False

T/F The significant organizational differences between the neural tissue of the CNS and that of the PNS are primarily due to differences in the neuron cell populations.

False

T/F The ventral ramus of each spinal nerve receives motor information from a specific segment of the skin and muscles of the neck and back.

False

T/F There are 12 cervical vertebra, 7 thoracic vertebrae and 5 lumbar vertebrae.

False C 1-7 T 1-12 L 1-5

Which IS NOT a function of the skeletal system

Heat production Support of body weight Heat production Movement Protection of other organ systems

The triceps brachii muscle is opposed in extension of the elbow by the antagonistic muscle, ______

brachialis

Extra Credit- Midbrain function

Maintaining consciousness

Extra Credit- Cerebellum function

Memory storage and function

Brittany's doctor told her that her bone density has started to decrease and advises her to increase her calcium and phosphorus intake. He also suggests she incorporate strength training activities to her walking program to help stress all of the bones. Which disorder is Brittany likely beginning to develop?

Osteoporosis

Which type of cell divides to produce daughter cells that can differentiate readily after a bone is cracked or broken?

Osteoprogenitor cells

Extra Credit- Thalamus function

Relay and processing sensory information

Extra Credit- Pons function

Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers

Regarding a typical muscle insertion, which of the following is true?

The insertion moves more than the origin.

If a long bone that was found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?

The person was not skeletally mature.

Which of the following is true regarding visceral reflexes?

They control the actions of smooth muscles and glands.

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow involves the use of the principle of (a) ________ lever(s).

Third class

T/F A comminuted fracture shatters the area into a multitude of bony fragments.

True

T/F A compression fracture occurs particularly in vertebrae subjected to extreme stress, such as when landing on the sacrum after a fall.

True

T/F A fossa is a depression on a flat bone.

True

T/F Somatic sensory receptors receive information from the skin about touch, pain, and temperature.

True

Neuroglia in the nervous system function to ____

act as phagocytes

Which of the following conditions would cause an increase in the heart rate?

activation of the sympathetic nervous system

The triceps brachii and biceps brachii are good examples of ___

an agonist-antagonist pair

While wearing a cast due to a broken bone, muscles shrink due to the process of _____

atrophy

Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?

blood cells

Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of muscle tissues?

cognitive ability

The muscular partition that separates the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities is the _____

diaphragm

Typically, the insertion of a muscle is ________ to its origin.

distal

The ________ division of the PNS sends motor information to muscles and glands.

efferent