Human Bio Chapter 12 Test
For a healthy, adult female what percentage of her body weight is water?
50 percent
The urine-producing unit of the kidney is the ____.
nephron
stimulates distal tubules to reabsorb water
ADH
Which substance usually undergoes tubular secretion?
H+
excess excreted to compensate for acidosis
H+
The kidneys perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____.
activation of vitamin A
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex?
aldosterone
Which hormone stimulates the distal tubules to reabsorb more sodium?
aldosterone
released by adrenal cortex
aldosterone
The efferent arterioles give rise to the ____.
peritubular capillaries
Which metabolic waste product is so toxic it must be converted into other forms before the kidney can excrete it?
ammonia
extremely toxic waste product
ammonia
When a substance is reabsorbed by the kidney, it moves from the nephron tubule into the ____.
peritubular capillaries
Urinary tract infections ____.
are associated with STDs
filtrate from here next moves into distal tubules
ascending limb of loop of Henle
sodium actively transported out of this portion into renal medulla
ascending limb of loop of Henle
____________________ is an inherited disorder in which cysts form in the kidneys.
polycystic kidney disease
When the blood becomes acidic, the kidneys ____.
produce extra bicarbonate
Four of the following are found in the fluid within the Bowman's capsule. Which one would NOT be found? -proteins -water -glucose -NaCl -vitamins
proteins
glucose reabsorbed here
proximal tubule
major site of tubular reabsorption
proximal tubule
The majority of tubular reabsorption takes place in the ____.
proximal tubules
The first step in urine formation is ____________________, which takes places across glomerular capillaries.
glomerular filtration
E
renal artery
D
renal capsule
A
renal cortex
B
renal medulla
The kidney's central urine collecting cavity is known as the ____.
renal pelvis
F
renal vein
enzyme released by kidney in response to low blood pressure
renin
The body gains fluids by four of the following means. Which one is the exception? -foods -liquids -cellular respiration reactions -respiratory ventilation of gases -condensation reactions
respiratory ventilation of gases
The body loses fluids by four of the following means. Which is the exception? -urine -evaporation from lungs -retention of salts -sweating -elimination of feces
retention of salts
____________________ is a general term used to describe disorders that can lead to kidney failure.
glomerulonephritis
After being filtered, which substance is normally completely reabsorbed?
glucose
Which substance is never secreted?
glucose
completely reabsorbed in proximal tubules
glucose
The procedure in which a patient's blood is sent into a filter to be cleaned and then returned to the body is ____.
hemodialysis
For a healthy adult, which compartment contains the most fluid?
intracellular
Renin is produced by cells in the ____.
juxtaglomerular apparatus
The only organ that can permanently rid the body of excess H+ is the ____.
kidney
Which of the following might cause metabolic acidosis?
kidney failure causing decreased H+ excretion
Deposits of uric acid and calcium salts that settle out of urine can produce ____________________.
kidney stones
The procedure lithotripsy is used to treat ____.
kidney stones
The normal pH of body fluids is ____.
slightly basic
distal tubule reabsorbs this under direction of aldosterone
sodium
D
tube that carries urine to the outside of the body
Glucose and other nutrients are moved from the filtrate back into the blood by the process of ____________________.
tubular reabsorption
Wastes and excess ions are moved from the blood into the filtrate in the process of ____________________.
tubular secretion
nitrogen waste product excreted by kidney
urea
G
ureter
Urine moves from the kidney to the urinary bladder through the ____.
ureter
Urine moves from the urinary bladder to the external environment through the ____.
urethra
C
urine collects here
Of all the ways the fluid is removed from the body, the one which is most regulated is ____.
urine excretion
C
urine storage site
Which of the following might cause metabolic alkalosis?
vomiting
Which substance is reabsorbed in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
water
only substance able to move across descending limb of loop of Henle
water
Fluid filtered from glomerular capillaries immediately flows into the ____.
Bowman's capsule
collects filtrate from the glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
filtrate from this structure next enters the proximal tubules
Bowman's capsule
One of the most common of all childhood cancers is ____.
Wilms tumor
B
a kidney stone might block urine flow here
reabsorbed to compensate for acidosis
bicarbonate
The major driving force for glomerular filtration is ____.
blood pressure
The most common metabolic waste product is ____.
carbon dioxide
Which of the following disorders is classified under the general term glomerulonephritis?
chronic hypertension
A
composed of nephrons
allows water to move into the renal medulla
descending limb of loop of Henle
carries fluid away from the proximal tubules
descending limb of loop of Henle
sensitive to aldosterone
distal tubule
water reabsorption under ADH control
distal tubule
In which portion of the nephron do hormones control water and salt reabsorption?
distal tubules
Tubular secretion takes place in the ____.
distal tubules
Which of the following is the target for aldosterone?
distal tubules
The salt gradient created by the kidney tubules ____.
drives the reabsorption of other solutes and water
After being filtered blood leaves the glomerular capillaries through the ____.
efferent arteriole
Which of the following would occur in a time of severe dehydration?
elevated ADH levels