Human Bio Chapter 12 Test

For a healthy, adult female what percentage of her body weight is water?

50 percent

The urine-producing unit of the kidney is the ____.

nephron

stimulates distal tubules to reabsorb water

ADH

Which substance usually undergoes tubular secretion?

H+

excess excreted to compensate for acidosis

H+

The kidneys perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____.

activation of vitamin A

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex?

aldosterone

Which hormone stimulates the distal tubules to reabsorb more sodium?

aldosterone

released by adrenal cortex

aldosterone

The efferent arterioles give rise to the ____.

peritubular capillaries

Which metabolic waste product is so toxic it must be converted into other forms before the kidney can excrete it?

ammonia

extremely toxic waste product

ammonia

When a substance is reabsorbed by the kidney, it moves from the nephron tubule into the ____.

peritubular capillaries

Urinary tract infections ____.

are associated with STDs

filtrate from here next moves into distal tubules

ascending limb of loop of Henle

sodium actively transported out of this portion into renal medulla

ascending limb of loop of Henle

____________________ is an inherited disorder in which cysts form in the kidneys.

polycystic kidney disease

When the blood becomes acidic, the kidneys ____.

produce extra bicarbonate

Four of the following are found in the fluid within the Bowman's capsule. Which one would NOT be found? -proteins -water -glucose -NaCl -vitamins

proteins

glucose reabsorbed here

proximal tubule

major site of tubular reabsorption

proximal tubule

The majority of tubular reabsorption takes place in the ____.

proximal tubules

The first step in urine formation is ____________________, which takes places across glomerular capillaries.

glomerular filtration

E

renal artery

D

renal capsule

A

renal cortex

B

renal medulla

The kidney's central urine collecting cavity is known as the ____.

renal pelvis

F

renal vein

enzyme released by kidney in response to low blood pressure

renin

The body gains fluids by four of the following means. Which one is the exception? -foods -liquids -cellular respiration reactions -respiratory ventilation of gases -condensation reactions

respiratory ventilation of gases

The body loses fluids by four of the following means. Which is the exception? -urine -evaporation from lungs -retention of salts -sweating -elimination of feces

retention of salts

____________________ is a general term used to describe disorders that can lead to kidney failure.

glomerulonephritis

After being filtered, which substance is normally completely reabsorbed?

glucose

Which substance is never secreted?

glucose

completely reabsorbed in proximal tubules

glucose

The procedure in which a patient's blood is sent into a filter to be cleaned and then returned to the body is ____.

hemodialysis

For a healthy adult, which compartment contains the most fluid?

intracellular

Renin is produced by cells in the ____.

juxtaglomerular apparatus

The only organ that can permanently rid the body of excess H+ is the ____.

kidney

Which of the following might cause metabolic acidosis?

kidney failure causing decreased H+ excretion

Deposits of uric acid and calcium salts that settle out of urine can produce ____________________.

kidney stones

The procedure lithotripsy is used to treat ____.

kidney stones

The normal pH of body fluids is ____.

slightly basic

distal tubule reabsorbs this under direction of aldosterone

sodium

D

tube that carries urine to the outside of the body

Glucose and other nutrients are moved from the filtrate back into the blood by the process of ____________________.

tubular reabsorption

Wastes and excess ions are moved from the blood into the filtrate in the process of ____________________.

tubular secretion

nitrogen waste product excreted by kidney

urea

G

ureter

Urine moves from the kidney to the urinary bladder through the ____.

ureter

Urine moves from the urinary bladder to the external environment through the ____.

urethra

C

urine collects here

Of all the ways the fluid is removed from the body, the one which is most regulated is ____.

urine excretion

C

urine storage site

Which of the following might cause metabolic alkalosis?

vomiting

Which substance is reabsorbed in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

water

only substance able to move across descending limb of loop of Henle

water

Fluid filtered from glomerular capillaries immediately flows into the ____.

Bowman's capsule

collects filtrate from the glomerulus

Bowman's capsule

filtrate from this structure next enters the proximal tubules

Bowman's capsule

One of the most common of all childhood cancers is ____.

Wilms tumor

B

a kidney stone might block urine flow here

reabsorbed to compensate for acidosis

bicarbonate

The major driving force for glomerular filtration is ____.

blood pressure

The most common metabolic waste product is ____.

carbon dioxide

Which of the following disorders is classified under the general term glomerulonephritis?

chronic hypertension

A

composed of nephrons

allows water to move into the renal medulla

descending limb of loop of Henle

carries fluid away from the proximal tubules

descending limb of loop of Henle

sensitive to aldosterone

distal tubule

water reabsorption under ADH control

distal tubule

In which portion of the nephron do hormones control water and salt reabsorption?

distal tubules

Tubular secretion takes place in the ____.

distal tubules

Which of the following is the target for aldosterone?

distal tubules

The salt gradient created by the kidney tubules ____.

drives the reabsorption of other solutes and water

After being filtered blood leaves the glomerular capillaries through the ____.

efferent arteriole

Which of the following would occur in a time of severe dehydration?

elevated ADH levels