Human bio test 4
digestive system - Accessory organs
-Salivary glands-Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas
Pick the true statement concerning the all-or-none aspect of nerve cell conduction.
All action potentials have the same intensity.
Which of the following correctly describes the distribution of rods and cones in the retina?
Cones are more highly concentrated in the fovea centralis.
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube)
Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Which is true of an ascending tract?
It sends sensory input to the brain.
Which is true of the sympathetic nervous system?
It turns on during emergency situations.
Pain receptors adapt slowly or not at all because __________.
Lack of adaptation is important to survival.
Describe the ion and charge distribution of the resting membrane potential (RMP).
Outside of the cell has more sodium ions and is more positive. Inside of the cell has more potassium ions and is more negative.
What happens when acetylcholine binds to the postsynaptic membrane?
Receptor gates for sodium ions open up.
With regard to dynamic equilibrium and static equilibrium, we can say that ________.
Receptors in the semicircular canals are responsible for dynamic equilibrium, and receptors in the vestibule are responsible for static equilibrium.
A jellyroll-like structure on a neuron is observed in the electron microscope. What is being observed?
Schwann cells and an axon
What is true about essential amino acids?
The body cannot make them.
What do the receptors in the skin for light touch and the receptors in the nose for smell have in common?
They both adapt very quickly.
Increasing the height of a sound wave results in ____________.
a louder sound
What is the function of the middle ear?
amplify sound
Whether a sound is interpreted by the brain as a higher or lower pitch is determined by the ________.
anatomy of the basilar membrane
An obese person had a portion of their stomach removed. What will result?
anemia
Which is not associated with the small intestine?
appendix
An irregular curvature of the lens results in ____________.
astigmatism
In what order do the structures of the ear come into play when hearing?
auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, cochlea, cochlear nerve
Which portion of a neuron releases the neurotransmitter?
axon ending
Foods that are potentially poisonous or inedible can often be detected by the ________ taste receptors, which are located at the very back of the tongue.
bitter
A person was involved in a car wreck. The occipital bone was fractured and the lobe behind it damaged.. What problem will this person most likely experience?
blindness
Which of the following is/are involved in focusing light?
both lens and cornea
Which of the following can be corrected with corrective lenses?
both myopia and hyperopia
Trans fats are a risk factor for ____________.
cardiovascular disease
Which is associated with the middle layer of the eye?
choroid
Which part of the ear generates impulses for sound?
cochlea
Which of the following is known to be an inherited, X-linked disorder?
color blindness
sensory neuron
connects to an interneuron
Which is not a function of glial cells?
control effector organs
Which of the following correctly traces the path of light through the eye?
cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina
Which is not part of the limbic system?
corpus callosum
Choose the function that does not belong.
decreases breathing rate
What is the order of meninges starting at the skull?
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Where are sensory receptors located?
end of dendrites
Which of the following sequences represents the pathway by which sound waves travel through the ear?
external auditory canal, eardrum, oval window, cochlea
Please put in the correct order for a person to detect a whistle.
external auditory canal, tympanic membrane , malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea
Which is a somatic sensation?
feeling a spoon enter your mouth
The _____ is the region of the eye where photoreceptors are most highly concentrated.
fovea
A genetic defect results in nonfunctional hair cells. This person will suffer from an inability to ____________.
gain a sense of balance
Which is not a part of a neuron?
glial body
Glaucoma results from ____________.
improper drainage of aqueous humor
A person had a stroke in an association area. Which problem will he or she most likely suffer from?
inability to recognize a hot dog after looking at it
Problems with rods leads to ____________.
inability to see in dim light
A person was born with an underdeveloped cerebellum. What problem will they most likely experience?
inability to walk
What is the purpose of myelin?
increase velocity of neural impulse conduction
The stapes makes contact with the ____________ and the _____________.
incus; oval window
Directly after repolarization, what is the charge and ion distribution?
inside negative with more sodium ions and outside positive with more potassium ions
Which structure regulates the amount of light entering the eye?
iris
Receptors least likely to adapt are ____________.
joint receptors
The _____ changes shape to focus light on the retina.
lens
Which of the following is not a function of the medulla?
memory storage
Amplifying the sound waves is the primary function of which part of the ear?
middle ear
Pick the incorrect association.
motor neuron: connects to sensory receptor
The structure of the inner ear that converts pressure waves to impulses is the ________
organ of Corti
The structure of the inner ear that converts pressure waves to impulses is the __________.
organ of Corti
These are like little rocks in the inner ear that shift in response to gravity or linear acceleration.
otoliths
Which enzyme is not made by the pancreas?
pepsin
The somatic nervous system (NS) is a direct subdivision of the ____________.
peripheral NS
Repolarization is due to ____________.
potassium ions exiting the neuron
Umami is a ____________.
primary taste
Lacking gastrin will affect ____________.
protein digestion
What name is given to the opening that allows light into the interior of the eye?
pupil
What is the function of interneurons?
receive sensory input and control motor output
What is the function of the thalamus?
receives sensory information
When an individual first gets dressed, he or she is conscious of the clothing on his body. A short time later, however, he or she is no longer aware of it. This phenomenon of the CNS ignoring a relatively unimportant sensation is known as ________.
receptor adaptation
motor neuron
release acetylcholine
A more powerful stimulus will __________.
result in both activation of more receptors and more frequent action potentials
The fovea is located in the ____________.
retina
Please put in the correct order, starting once light hits the retina and photoreceptors are activated.
rod, bipolar cell, ganglion cell, optic nerve, occipital lobe
Rhodopsin is located in the ____________.
rods
The photoreceptors of the eye are __________.
rods and cones
Semicircular canals function in ____________.
rotational movement
What name is given to the tough layer that forms the "white" of the eye?
sclera
Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?
semicircular canalsoval window
Receptor adaptation results when __________.
sensory neurons stop sending action potentials
What is the order of layers for the GI tract from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?
serosa, longitudinal muscular layer, circular muscular layer, submucosa, mucosa
dendrites
short and numerous
Where are hair cells located?
spiral organ of Corti
Where does protein digestion begin?
stomach
What is the function of cholecystokinin?
targets the pancreas to release enzyme rich secretions
Which of the following is the best example of perception?
tasting a hint of orange in chocolate
Stereocilia are embedded in a gelatinous structure known as the ________.
tectorial membrane
Choose the receptor that does not belong from the choices provided.
tendon receptor
Which of the following will regulate the amount of light entering the eye?
the iris
When we adjust our head and eye position to carefully look at something, we are directing the image to focus on __________.
the macula
Rhodopsin is __________.
the photopigment found in rods
What causes sodium to enter the cell once threshold is reached?
the sodium ion concentration gradient
Receptors are classified according to __________.
the type of stimulus energy they convert
Please put in the correct order the anatomy of a reflex arc involving your hand encountering a hot object.
thermoreceptor, dorsal root, interneuron, ventral root, biceps brachii
lumen
tract (hollow tube) - space within this tube
Which structure separates the outer and middle ears?
tympanic membrane
axons
typically long in length
Pick the receptor that is most likely to be activated by a mosquito.
unencapsulated dendritic ending
Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?
upper part of nasal passages
While working in a human physiology lab, you see some scanning electron micrographs. One of the images taken inside the ear has little pebble-like structures. Where did this specimen most likely come from?
vestibule
Texting while driving involves which three sensory distractions?
visual, cognitive, and manual
A person has poor wound healing. What vitamin are they probably lacking in their diet?
vitamin C
The optic disc is the area of the eye __________.
where the optic nerve exits the eye