Human bio test 4

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digestive system - Accessory organs

-Salivary glands-Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas

Pick the true statement concerning the all-or-none aspect of nerve cell conduction.

All action potentials have the same intensity.

Which of the following correctly describes the distribution of rods and cones in the retina?

Cones are more highly concentrated in the fovea centralis.

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube)

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Which is true of an ascending tract?

It sends sensory input to the brain.

Which is true of the sympathetic nervous system?

It turns on during emergency situations.

Pain receptors adapt slowly or not at all because __________.

Lack of adaptation is important to survival.

Describe the ion and charge distribution of the resting membrane potential (RMP).

Outside of the cell has more sodium ions and is more positive. Inside of the cell has more potassium ions and is more negative.

What happens when acetylcholine binds to the postsynaptic membrane?

Receptor gates for sodium ions open up.

With regard to dynamic equilibrium and static equilibrium, we can say that ________.

Receptors in the semicircular canals are responsible for dynamic equilibrium, and receptors in the vestibule are responsible for static equilibrium.

A jellyroll-like structure on a neuron is observed in the electron microscope. What is being observed?

Schwann cells and an axon

What is true about essential amino acids?

The body cannot make them.

What do the receptors in the skin for light touch and the receptors in the nose for smell have in common?

They both adapt very quickly.

Increasing the height of a sound wave results in ____________.

a louder sound

What is the function of the middle ear?

amplify sound

Whether a sound is interpreted by the brain as a higher or lower pitch is determined by the ________.

anatomy of the basilar membrane

An obese person had a portion of their stomach removed. What will result?

anemia

Which is not associated with the small intestine?

appendix

An irregular curvature of the lens results in ____________.

astigmatism

In what order do the structures of the ear come into play when hearing?

auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, cochlea, cochlear nerve

Which portion of a neuron releases the neurotransmitter?

axon ending

Foods that are potentially poisonous or inedible can often be detected by the ________ taste receptors, which are located at the very back of the tongue.

bitter

A person was involved in a car wreck. The occipital bone was fractured and the lobe behind it damaged.. What problem will this person most likely experience?

blindness

Which of the following is/are involved in focusing light?

both lens and cornea

Which of the following can be corrected with corrective lenses?

both myopia and hyperopia

Trans fats are a risk factor for ____________.

cardiovascular disease

Which is associated with the middle layer of the eye?

choroid

Which part of the ear generates impulses for sound?

cochlea

Which of the following is known to be an inherited, X-linked disorder?

color blindness

sensory neuron

connects to an interneuron

Which is not a function of glial cells?

control effector organs

Which of the following correctly traces the path of light through the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

Which is not part of the limbic system?

corpus callosum

Choose the function that does not belong.

decreases breathing rate

What is the order of meninges starting at the skull?

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Where are sensory receptors located?

end of dendrites

Which of the following sequences represents the pathway by which sound waves travel through the ear?

external auditory canal, eardrum, oval window, cochlea

Please put in the correct order for a person to detect a whistle.

external auditory canal, tympanic membrane , malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea

Which is a somatic sensation?

feeling a spoon enter your mouth

The _____ is the region of the eye where photoreceptors are most highly concentrated.

fovea

A genetic defect results in nonfunctional hair cells. This person will suffer from an inability to ____________.

gain a sense of balance

Which is not a part of a neuron?

glial body

Glaucoma results from ____________.

improper drainage of aqueous humor

A person had a stroke in an association area. Which problem will he or she most likely suffer from?

inability to recognize a hot dog after looking at it

Problems with rods leads to ____________.

inability to see in dim light

A person was born with an underdeveloped cerebellum. What problem will they most likely experience?

inability to walk

What is the purpose of myelin?

increase velocity of neural impulse conduction

The stapes makes contact with the ____________ and the _____________.

incus; oval window

Directly after repolarization, what is the charge and ion distribution?

inside negative with more sodium ions and outside positive with more potassium ions

Which structure regulates the amount of light entering the eye?

iris

Receptors least likely to adapt are ____________.

joint receptors

The _____ changes shape to focus light on the retina.

lens

Which of the following is not a function of the medulla?

memory storage

Amplifying the sound waves is the primary function of which part of the ear?

middle ear

Pick the incorrect association.

motor neuron: connects to sensory receptor

The structure of the inner ear that converts pressure waves to impulses is the ________

organ of Corti

The structure of the inner ear that converts pressure waves to impulses is the __________.

organ of Corti

These are like little rocks in the inner ear that shift in response to gravity or linear acceleration.

otoliths

Which enzyme is not made by the pancreas?

pepsin

The somatic nervous system (NS) is a direct subdivision of the ____________.

peripheral NS

Repolarization is due to ____________.

potassium ions exiting the neuron

Umami is a ____________.

primary taste

Lacking gastrin will affect ____________.

protein digestion

What name is given to the opening that allows light into the interior of the eye?

pupil

What is the function of interneurons?

receive sensory input and control motor output

What is the function of the thalamus?

receives sensory information

When an individual first gets dressed, he or she is conscious of the clothing on his body. A short time later, however, he or she is no longer aware of it. This phenomenon of the CNS ignoring a relatively unimportant sensation is known as ________.

receptor adaptation

motor neuron

release acetylcholine

A more powerful stimulus will __________.

result in both activation of more receptors and more frequent action potentials

The fovea is located in the ____________.

retina

Please put in the correct order, starting once light hits the retina and photoreceptors are activated.

rod, bipolar cell, ganglion cell, optic nerve, occipital lobe

Rhodopsin is located in the ____________.

rods

The photoreceptors of the eye are __________.

rods and cones

Semicircular canals function in ____________.

rotational movement

What name is given to the tough layer that forms the "white" of the eye?

sclera

Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

semicircular canalsoval window

Receptor adaptation results when __________.

sensory neurons stop sending action potentials

What is the order of layers for the GI tract from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?

serosa, longitudinal muscular layer, circular muscular layer, submucosa, mucosa

dendrites

short and numerous

Where are hair cells located?

spiral organ of Corti

Where does protein digestion begin?

stomach

What is the function of cholecystokinin?

targets the pancreas to release enzyme rich secretions

Which of the following is the best example of perception?

tasting a hint of orange in chocolate

Stereocilia are embedded in a gelatinous structure known as the ________.

tectorial membrane

Choose the receptor that does not belong from the choices provided.

tendon receptor

Which of the following will regulate the amount of light entering the eye?

the iris

When we adjust our head and eye position to carefully look at something, we are directing the image to focus on __________.

the macula

Rhodopsin is __________.

the photopigment found in rods

What causes sodium to enter the cell once threshold is reached?

the sodium ion concentration gradient

Receptors are classified according to __________.

the type of stimulus energy they convert

Please put in the correct order the anatomy of a reflex arc involving your hand encountering a hot object.

thermoreceptor, dorsal root, interneuron, ventral root, biceps brachii

lumen

tract (hollow tube) - space within this tube

Which structure separates the outer and middle ears?

tympanic membrane

axons

typically long in length

Pick the receptor that is most likely to be activated by a mosquito.

unencapsulated dendritic ending

Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?

upper part of nasal passages

While working in a human physiology lab, you see some scanning electron micrographs. One of the images taken inside the ear has little pebble-like structures. Where did this specimen most likely come from?

vestibule

Texting while driving involves which three sensory distractions?

visual, cognitive, and manual

A person has poor wound healing. What vitamin are they probably lacking in their diet?

vitamin C

The optic disc is the area of the eye __________.

where the optic nerve exits the eye


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