Human Communication: Chapter 3

halo effect

The tendency to assume that people who have one good trait also have other good traits.

Johari window

a metaphoric division of the self into four areas (open, blind, unknown, and hidden)

self disclosure

a type of communication in which you reveal info about yourself

schemata

cognitive rules we use to interpret the world

affirmation

communication of support and approval

hidden self

contains all that you know of yourself that you keep secret

negative face

desire to be autonomous

positive face

desire to be viewed positively by others

disinhibition effect

occurs in online communication; people seem less inhibited in CMC

attribution of control

process by which you focus on explaining why someone behaved as he or she did on the basis of whether the person had control over his or her behavior

perception checking

process of verifying your understanding of some message, situation, or feeling

impression management

process you go through to communicate the impression you want the other person to have of you

open self

represents all the information about you that you and others know

blind self

represents all the things about you that others know but of which you are ignorant

self-awareness

represents the extent to which you know yourself, your strengths and your weaknesses, your thoughts and feelings, and your personality tendancies

unknown self

represents truths about yourself that neither you nor others know

politeness strategies

strategies that are often used to make ourselves appear likable, in terms of negative and positive types

overattribution

tendency to attribute to one or two characteristics most or even all of what a person does

fundamental attribution error

tendency to overvalue and give added weight to the contribution of internal factors to behavior, and to undervalue and give less weight to the contribution of external factors

looking-glass self

the image you have of yourself as revealed to you through the way other's communicate with you

dyadic effect

the reciprocal nature of self-disclosure: "You disclose to me, and I'll disclose to you."

self-fulfilling prophecy

the situation in which you make a prediction or prophecy and fulfill it yourself

horns effect

the tendency to form an overall negative impression of a person on the basis of one negative characteristic

self-esteem

the value you place on yourself

self-concept

your self-image, the view you have of who you are