Human Diseases and Conditions Exam 1

Myesthenia Gravis

A chronic, progressive neuromuscular disease that is characterized by extreme muscular weakness (generally appearing first in the face) and progressive fatigue is '______________ ____________.'

myelomeningocele

A congenital spinal defect in which there is herniation of spinal cord and meninges is called a _____________________.

folic acid

All females of child-bearing age capable of becoming pregnant are encouraged to take the recommended amount of ______________. This helps decrease neural tube defects (like spina bifida).

"systemic manifestations of severe allergic responses"

Anaphylaxis, serum sickness, arthralgia, and status asthmaticus are all examples of what?

ductus arteriosus

Closure of patent ___________ ____________ may be achieved by medication or by surgical closure of the ductus.

No

Do signs always cause symptoms?

True

Homeostasis refers to internal stability of the body.

hand washing and stricter infection control in hospitals

How can MRSA "superbug" be controlled?

depressed or absent

Immunodeficiency disorders result from a _____ or ______ immune response.

asthma

In _________ the bronchial tubes are hyperactive and hypersensitive. Severe attacks require hospitalization. It is a leading cause of absenteeism in school children.

hydrocephalus

In __________________ a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull, causing increased intracranial pressure. It is treated with a shunt from the brain to the abdomen. It drains the excess fluid.

prophylactic medical services

In preventative health care what is the emphasis on? - NOT accident intervention, freedom of lifestyle, or personal rights

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Infant respiratory distress syndrome, infection, and prolonged mechanical ventilation can lead to ___________ _______________. This is where the lungs become stiff. The goal is to replace damaged alveoli.

males

Is duchenne muscular dystrophy more common in males or females?

No

Is homeostasis a disease or genetic predisposition to disease?

tonsillitis rheumatic fever

It's important that acute_________ is completely treated to prevent rheumatic heart disease, _____________, and kidney complications.

"superbug"

MRSA refers to a "______" that is methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.

True

Mechanical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response are included the body's natural defense system against infection.

True

Predisposing factors do not precisely predict the occurrence of disease.

rubella perinatal infection

Pregnant women should be isolated from individuals infected with ______________ to prevent what type of infection?

aspirin

Reye's syndrome has been linked with the use of ___________ to treat chickenpox and influenza.

dehydration electrolyte

Serious side effects of uncontrolled diarrhea in the infant or child include ________________ and _________ imbalance.

lead poisoning

Some warning signs of __________ poisoning include loss of appetite and vomiting and irritability and ataxic gait. The child suffering from acute intoxication presents a medical emergency Lead is not normally present in the blood.

BUTTERFLY RASH

Symptoms of fever, joint pain, malaise, weight loss, and the characteristic ___________ rash are indications of "systemic lupus erythematosus." Multiple tissues are attacked: joints, skin, CNS, kidneys, lungs among many others. Formal diagnosis follows multiple signs, symptoms, blood tests that fit a criteria chart.

TRUE

T or F: Antibodies attack receptors on the neuromuscular junction and decrease the effect of the nerve impulse.

FALSE T-cells

T or F: Immunoglobulins that provide the ability to recognize foreign organisms stimulating the antigen-antibody reaction are from "T-cells."

True

T or F: The infant born with fetal alcohol syndrome may experience alcohol withdrawal shortly after birth.

TRUE

T or F: The primary treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is 'reduction of inflammation and pain; preservation of joint function; and prevention of joint deformity.

FALSE its "immunocompetence"

T or F: When the immune system reacts appropriately to an antigen and homeostasis is maintained, this is termed 'immunotherapy.'" The antigen is foreign to the body. The body has defenses to protect itself and neutralize or destroy the foreign antigen.

thymus gland

T-cell lymphocytes are produced in the '_________ gland.'

holistic

The ______________ concept of medical care focuses on the needs of the whole person: spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional. It does not narrowly define physical pathologic changes or discount the needs of a patient as a whole to expedite healing.

active

The acquired immunity that results when a person has a disease is "___________."

hypertropic cardiomyography

The collapse of a seemingly healthy young athlete during a strenuous sporting event or other period of stressful exercise is known as what?

multiple sclerosis

The inflammatory disease of the CNS that attacks the myelin sheath is "___________ _________." In spinal column and peripheral nerves, the myelin sheath surrounds the nerve as a segmented structures that significantly increases the nerve conduction speed down to the receiving muscle or structure. This disease has relapses and remissions.

cerebral palsy

The most common crippler of children is what? It is a result of damage to the central nervous system (CNS). It can't be cured with treatment. it is a non-progressive paralysis due to irreversible CNS damage.

Inflammation

The normal protective physiologic response to tissue injury and disease is _____________.

anemia

The symptoms and signs of _________ include pallor, weakness, fatigability, and listlessness; an abnormal reduction of red blood cells; causes tachycardia, jaundice, and mental sluggishness. Because it is is a symptom of various diseases, it is important to determine the cause of it

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

The systemic disease that usually begins with joint inflammation and edema of the synovial membranes surrounding the joint is '___________ __________.'

microscopic evaluation of the tumor or a biopsy specimen

Tumor grade, different from the TMN system, is determined through what type of evaluation?

Predisposing factors

What factors of disease make a person or group more vulnerable to disease?

Chickenpox

What is a systemic disease appears as crusty red bumps & later can lead to shingles?

The TNM (Tumor, nodes, metastasis)

What is the cancer staging system that assess size and spread?

substance abuse and nutritional problems

Which are common concerns for older adults?

maligant

____ tumors infiltrate the skin, bleed, spread, and infect surrounding tissue

Benign

____ tumors tend to remain encapsulated. They do not infiltrate surrounding tissue. They resemble the tissue or origin.

Pathogens

_________ - cause disease by "invasion of living tissue, destruction of living tissue, and intoxication by chemicals that can be released."

Pain

_________ is subjective, has individualized effects, and is a necessary entity in life. It may be described as dull and aching, burning, or throbbing; shooting, dull, stabbing: & frightening, intense, tiring.

cystic fibrosis (CF)

____________ __________________, a chronic dysfunction of the exocrine glands, primarily attacks the lungs and digestive system. There is production of copious thick and sticky mucus that accumulates and blocks glandular ducts.

Congenital

_____________ diseases are not always fatal, not always genetic, or non-genetic. The processes are present at birth or in neonatal life.

Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

_____________ syndrome, a genetic syndrome, is the result of the child having 47 chromosomes. There is an extra chromosome or part of a chromosome added to a pair. The syndrome is a congenital form of mild-to-severe mental retardation. it is associated with distinctive physical abnormalities and heart defects caused by the chromosomal abnormality. The heart is affected with an endocardial cushion defect leading to "a hole in the heart."

Osteopathy

______________ emphasizes the body's natural process to heal and provide well-being. It is practiced by trained medical physicians, and CAN involve manipulation techniques.

Cryptorchidism

______________________ is the failure of the testicle(s) to descend into the scrotum.

stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

an alternative to conventional radiation therapy for cancer tumors in which normal tissues experience much less toxicity.

mutation

changes in the genetic code of a cell

Genetic Diseases

diseases that may be produced by an "abnormality in or mutation of the genetic code in a single gene or caused by several abnormal genes. Caused by the abnormal presence or absence of a chromosome or an alteration of the structure of chromosomes."

immune disorders

the result of a breakdown in the body's defense system that may generate allergy, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency disorders.

neoplasm

tumor, or growth of new tissue

46 23

we have _________ chromosomes we have __________ pairs

hyaline membrane

what disease refers to infant respiratory distress syndrome? The premature infant's lungs lack surfactant needed to allow the alveoli to expand adequately. If the mother is given corticosteroids 12 hours before delivery, it may be prevented.

bone marrow

what do B-cells come from?

Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon)

what is the drug of choice for treatment of myasthenia gravis?

prematurity

what is the leading cause of death in neonatal period?

Tetralogy of Fallot

what is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect that is actually a combination of four defects? It includes a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, displacement of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Sudden infant death syndrome

what is the number-one cause of death of infants between age 1 month and 12 months? It is not predictable and preventable, but has risk factors. (ex. smoking around the child)

smoking tobacco and exposure to second-hand smoke

what is the single greatest avoidable cause of death and disease?

chemotherapy treatment

what treatment is effective against the rapidly developing cells of cancer? Many of the side effects of this treatment are due to destruction of some normal cells in the body.

autoimmune diseases

what type of diseases allows the immune system to become self-destructive?

Duchenne

what type of muscular dystrophy is progressive and causes crippling and immobility? It is a sex linked genetic defect. It has a poor prognosis with the patient with death 10 to 15 years after onset usually from heart or lung problems.

HPV vaccine

what vaccine is used to protect against cervical cancer?

Hep B

what vaccine is used to protect against liver cancer?