human nutrition- bio 132 final

to minimize risk for food-borne illness, ground beef should be used within ______ days of storage in the refrigerator a. 10-14 b. 5-7 c. 3-4 d. 1-2

1-2

a preschool-age child is between the ages of _______.

3-5

the preconception period is a _______ month window of time before pregnancy a. 1-year b. 3-month c. 1-month d. 5-month

3-month

during the second trimester a pregnant woman needs an average of an additional ______ kcal per day a. 500 b. 100 c. 340 d. 450

340

which of following statements is true? a. a centenarian is a person who has lived for 100 years or more b. in the U.S, life expectancy is about 95 years c. people living in the U.S. are more likely to reach 100 years of age than those living in all other parts of the world d. the longest living (documented) person was a Russian man who lived for 114 years.

a centenarian is a person who has lived for 100 years or more

exposure to a bacterial infection during fetal life may result in ______. a. a miscarriage b. a preterm delivery c. all of these are correct d. stillbirth

all of these are correct

WIC aims to _____. a. reduce incidence of low birth weight b. reduce incidence of fetal death c. improve growth and intellectual development d. all of these choices are accurate

all of these choices are accurate

forty-year old-Mateo has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. what recommendations do you have for Mateo to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease? a. continue learning and reading b. consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids c. all of these choices are correct d. engage in regular physical activity

all of these choices are correct

when planning for a pregnancy, which of the following lifestyle choices can increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy? a. having a healthy body composition b. all of these choices are correct c. exercising regularly d. consuming a nutritionally adequate diet

all of these choices are correct

which of the following factors contribute to reduced food intake among older adults a. depression b. loss of teeth c. reduced mobility and flexibility d. all of these choices are correct

all of these choices are correct

which of the following substances is in breast milk, but not in infant formulas a. lipids b. lactose c. antibodies d. iron

antibodies

average additional dietary energy requirements for lactation are approx. _______ kcal per day. a. 200 b. 800 c. 350 d. 600

b. 800

which of the following structures pass from the placenta to the embryo/fetus? a. ovary b. umbilical cord c. uterus d. endometrium

b. umbilical cord

this is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases in cattle a. aflatoxins b. norovirus c. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) d. scombrotoxin

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

this is a nutrient of importance, but the RDA does not go up, as the body increases the absorption of this nutrient a. iodine b. calcium c. vitamin E d. vitamin K

calcium

which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults? a. sodium b. vanadium c. molybdenum d. calcium

calcium

to reduce the risk of food-borne illness which of these guidelines should you follow? a. do not buy food in dented cans b. when shopping in a supermarket, select fresh meat first so their drippings do not contaminate other items in your shopping cart c. purchase fresh meat that has a use-by date of today to help the store minimize food waste d. store eggs in the build-in egg holder in your refrigerator

do not buy dented cans

which of the following foods is not a likely source of food-borne pathogens? a. egg salad b. dried apricots c. chicken casserole d. raw ground beef

dried apricots

lenny had steak tartare for dinner and has started to feel ill. which pathogen should he most be concerned about after eating raw oysters? a. vibrio vulnificus b. e. coli 0157:h7 c. salmonella d. clostridium botulinum

e. coli 0157:h7

the process of pasteurization involved the use of______. a. chemicals to denature pathogens b. radiation to destroy pathogens c. pressure to immobilize pathogens d. heat to kill pathogens

heat to kill pathogens

which of the following statements is true? a. the composition of human milk remains consistent over time b. breastfeeding reduces a woman's risk of type 1 diabetes in later adulthood c. human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas

human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formula

human milk is naturally a rich source of _____. a. fluoride b. lipids c. iron d. vitamin D

lipids

infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ______ . a. can digest lactose b. have most of their primary teeth c. develop the let-down reflex d. lose the extrusion reflex

lose the extrusion reflex

what is the importance of growth carts for children? a. shows how good you are as a parent b. may provide an early warning for protentional medical problems c. provide an indication for how tall your child is going to be later in life d. all of these are good indicators of recent nutritional status

may provide an early warning for potential medical problems

Which of the following statements is true? a. sulfites are added to grain products during the enrichment process b. in the United States, most fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, and deli meats undergo irradiation to preserve them c. pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness d. in the United States, molds and protozoa are responsible for most cases of food-borne illness

pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have a high risk of food-borne illness

human milk naturally contains less ______ per ounce than formula a. cholesterol b. protein c. carbohydrate d. energy

protein

intake of which of the following macronutrients is most likely to be below recommendations in older adults? a. vitamin K b. protein c. fats d. carbohydrates

protein

margaret is 87 years of age. compared to when she was 27 years of age, her _____ now. a. stomach secretes less intrinsic factor b. cells require more energy c. bones are more dense d. body requires less vitamin b-12

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

it is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of _____. a. 18 months b. 12 months c. 10 months d. 6 months

12 months

what is the RDA for calcium in older adults? a. 1200 mg/day b. 1000-2000 mg/day c. 2000 mg/day d. 500-1000 mg/day

1200 mg/day

lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. based on this information what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy? a. 3050 kcal b. 2250 kcal c. 1800 kcal d. 2600 kcal

2250 kcal

infant iron stores are typically exhausted by ______ of age and need to be replaced by their diet a. 0 to 2 months b. 10 to 12 months c. 7 to 8 months d. 4 to 6 months

4 to 6 months

according to present day growth charts, an infant will double its birth weight at about _______ months of age and will triple its birth weight at about ______ months a. 12; 18 b. 2 to 3; 6 c. 10; 12 to 18 d. 4 to 6; 12

4 to 6; 12

a low birth weight infant weighs less than _____ pounds at birth a. 6.5 b. 5.5 c. 5.0 d. 4.0

5.5

how long do various professional organizations suggest to exclusively breastfeed for? a. 6 months b. 1 month c. 1 year d. 4 months

6 months

on average, a full-term infant at birth weighs _________ pounds and is about ________ inches long a. weighs 9 to 10 pounds and is about 22 inches long b. weighs 5 to 6 pounds and is about 18 inches long c. weight 7 to 8 pounds and is about 20 inches long d. weighs 8 to 9 pounds and is about 26 inches long

7 to 8 pounds and is about 20 inches long

this chemical is used in food packaging but their are concerns that it can have an effect on the brains behavior of children, infants a. acrylamide b. pesticides c. benzene d. BPA

BPA

which federal agency is responsible for overseeing the quality of drinking water? a. EPA b. CDC c. FDA d. USDA

EPA

what two essential fatty acids are needed to be increased for proper fetam brain and retina development? a. EPA and DHA b. DNA and DHA c. DNA and EFA d. EPA and CDC

EPA and DHA

_______ is a federal program that provides funds to state governments to help specific populations obtain certain supplemental foods and nutrition education a. WIC b. USDA c. FDA d. WHO

WIC

according to the food additives amendment of 1958, _______. a. manufacturers of new food additives did not need to test the compounds for safety before they could be used in food b. substances on the GRAS list were classified as food additives c. an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list d. the Delaney Clause was unconstitutional

an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list

elizabeth is 90 years of age. compared to when she was 30 years of age, her ______ now. a. stomach secretes more intrinsic factor b. cells require more energy c. arteries are less flexible d. skin is more elastic

arteries are less flexible

which of the following statements is true? a. a child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate slows b. snacks have no place in a child's diet c. it is not unusual for children to have food jags d. because of the choking hazard, children should not be offered cut-up raw vegetables until they are at least 7 years of age

it is not unusual for children to have food jags

why is cow's milk not recommended for infants? a. its vitamin C content is too high b. its calcium content is too low c. its vitamin E content is too high d. its protein content is too high e. all of these responses are accurate

its protein content is too high

jenna is a 73-year-old woman who complains to her doctor that her food does not have any taste. the physician told Jenna to add more spices in each dish she prepares. based on your knowledge about the process of aging, ________. a. jenna is experiencing a normal decline in her sense of taste b. jenna is showing symptoms of early pancreatic failure c. jenna should chew her food slowly and drink plain water with meals d. jenna is suffering from several vitamin and mineral deficiencies

jenna is experiencing a normal decline in her sense of taste

the primary carbohydrate in the diet of most infants is ______ a. lactose b. sucrose c. maltose d. glucose

lactose

_______ is the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live. a. life span b. life expectancy c. healthy life span expectancy d. longevity

life expectancy

according to scientific research involving animals, ______ may extend one's life a. restricting energy intake b. taking DHEA supplements c. following a high-fiber, high-protein diet d. consuming megadoses of vitamins

restricting energy intake

the declining organ functioning and the increase vulnerability to diseases is known as ________. a. life span b. geriatrics c. senescence d. longevity

senescence

Bernard is 83 years of age. his ______ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status. a. daily exercise regimen b. social isolation c. ethnic background d. full set of natural teeth

social isolation

in the United States, the diets of many toddler and preschool-age children supply too much a. potassium b. calcium c. iron d. sodium

sodium

during pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if.... a. weight loss and morning sickness also occur b. morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur c. the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine d. the swelling is limited to the hands and feet

the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine

which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults? a. biotin b. vitamin K c. pantothenic acid d. vitamin B-12

vitamin B-12

to avoid constipation, pregnant women should increase intake of ______. a. sugars and starches b. whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits c. milk and dairy products d. lean meat, poultry, and fish

whole grain bread, bran, and fruits

julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he _______. a. keeps the pie chilled before serving it b. wipes the knife used to cut the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables c. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade d. thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator

wipes the knife used to cut the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables

which of the following is not considered a risk factor for preeclampsia? a. obesity b. first pregnancy c. carrying twins d. woman age 28 years at time of conception e. African-American ancestry

woman age 28 years at time of conception

forty-year old kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. what recommendations do you have for kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease? a. consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids b. engage in regular physical activity c. continue learning and reading d. all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

which of the following statements are true? a. all of the choices are correct b. risk of urinary incontinence increases as a person ages c. signs of dehydration in older adults include weakness, constipation, and mental confusion d. the body's water content decreases with advancing age

all of the choices are correct

the toxin produced by _______ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death a. giardia b. salmonella species c. trichinella d. clostridium botulinum

clostridium botulinum

which of the following animals is an example of a vermin? a. cockroaches b. spiders c. snakes d. birds

cockroaches

growth plates at the end of long bones are called _____. a. calcification b. osteoporosis c. epiphyses d. rickets

epiphyses

to keep gestational diabetes under control, recommendations for pregnant women include ______. a. exercise b. taking chromium supplements c. eating high glycemic load carbohydrates through the day d. all of these choices are correct

exercise

which of the following food preservation techniques involves adding certain types of bacteria or yeast to foods, producing probiotic foods a. fermentation b. curing c. pasteurization d. sterilization

fermentation

which of the following would you recommend to a friend that is having difficulties breastfeeding her baby? a. decrease calorie intake. this will help with production of more milk b. find a relaxing environment to breastfeed your baby c. drink alcohol. this will have a relaxing effect. d. consume more milk. the excess milk will be converted into breastmilk

find a relaxing environment to breastfeed your baby

the following substances were detected in a can of food. which of the substances is an intentional food additive? a. mouse hairs b. insect eggs c. high-fructose corn syrup d. pesticide residues

high-fructose corn syrup

which of the following statements is true? a. the life span of a human being is 100 years b. in the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years c. the longest living (documented) person was a man from Bulgaria who lived for 110 years d. there is little scientific evidence to support the notion that a person's genetic makeup contributes to his or her longevity

in the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years

the let-down reflex is inhibited by ______. a. nervous tension and fatigue b. feeling confident and relaxed c. a sleepy baby d. all of these responses are correct

nervous tension and fatigue

in the united states, milk and juice often go through a process called _______. in this process, heat is used to kill pathogens and spoilage organisms in liquid food items a. pasteurization b. pathogenesis c. cross-contamination d. irridiation

pasteurization

the following substances were detected in a slice of enriched bread. which of the substances is not a direct food additive? a. folic acid b. sugar c. thiamin d. plastic wrap

plastic wrap

anna enjoys grilling hamburgers, but she wants to reduce the chances that her food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. which of the following steps should she avoid? a. thawing the frozen ground meat on the kitchen counter b. washing her hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds after touching the raw ground meat c. grilling the hamburgers until the internal temperature of the meat reached 160 degrees fahrenheit d. sanitizing the plate that she used to carry the raw hamburgers to the grill before using it again

thawing the frozen ground meat on the kitchen counter

all of the following are recommendations of the FDA in regards to the selection and use of cutting boards EXCEPT _______. a. to use wood cutting boards made from a soft wood b. to use easy-to-clean cutting boards c. to use a different cutting board for cutting meat as for cutting vegetables d. to replace cutting boards when they become streaked

to use wood cutting boards made from soft wood

which of the following factors has a negative effect on a school-age child's diet a. viewing television advertisements for sugar-sweetened soft drinks b. parents serving fresh fruit with meals and snacks c. eating meals at home d. caregivers setting limits on consumption of chips and soft drinks

viewing television advertisements for sugar-sweetened soft drinks