Human Nutrition Chapter 10: Water Soluble Vitamins

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?

Vitamin C

Which of the following are food sources of niacin?

Beef liver Salmon Tuna

Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin?

Biotin

Pantothenic acid is a component of

Coenzyme A

Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?

Niacin

Which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates?

Thiamin

Good sources of pantothenic acid are

chicken liver. mushrooms. sunflower seeds.

A healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include

increasing your intake of fruits. limiting consumption of red meat. increasing your intake of whole grains.

How is a total parenteral solution administered?

into a vein

Three leading causes of cancer death for women are ______.

lung and bronchus cancer colorectum cancer breast cancer

Which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate?

vitamin B-12

Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include

phytochemicals. carotenoids. vitamin C.

Why is lecithin added to certain foods?

to help keep watery and fatty ingredients mixed

is more bioavailable than the naturally occurring folate.

Folic acid

Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?

Fruits and vegetables

is a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood.

Homocysteine

Which of the following are functions of vitamin C?

Immune system functioning Collagen synthesis

Liver, legumes, broccoli, and orange juice are all good sources of

folate.

The synthetic form of folate is called

folic acid

Which foods contain the richest sources of folate?

fortified cereals enriched grains

What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Convulsions Anemia Dermatitis

T or F? Pantothenic acid is so rare in our foods that nutritional deficiencies are common.

False

T or F? The absorption of vitamin B-12 occurs more readily when vitamin B-12 is in its natural form versus the synthetic form of the micronutrient.

False

Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin?

Vitamin B-12

Niacin participates in which of the following?

energy metabolism

Thiamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because

excess vitamin can be excreted in the urine.

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

fat soluble vitamins

Choose functions of pantothenic acid.

needed for fatty acid synthesis component of coenzyme A releases energy from macronutrients

People with a disorder that disrupts tryptophan metabolism may have a deficiency of

niacin

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?

strawberries citrus fruits broccoli

Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed?

synthetic form of vitamin B-12

Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______.

vitamin B-6

Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism?

Riboflavin

is a component of two coenzymes that play key roles in energy metabolism, yogurt, and other milk products are some of the best sources of this vitamin.

Riboflavin

What are some food sources of vitamin B-6?

Salmon Walnuts Beef

Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin

C

What are some good food sources of folate?

Liver, leafy vegetables, asparagus

Which vitamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because it is readily excreted in urine?

Thiamin

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

Thiamin

______ plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine.

Vitamin B-6

What are some food sources of riboflavin?

Yogurt Milk Spinach

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

add carbon dioxide to other compounds

In the United States, people at risk for niacin deficiency include those with

anorexia nervosa. tryptophan metabolism disorder. alcoholism.

Choose the vitamins that are classified as water-soluble.

biotin pantothenic acid niacin folate

The neural tube in the human embryo eventually develops into the ______.

brain spinal cord

A group of chronic diseases characterized by cells that have undergone damage is

cancer

Biotin's roles in the body includes ______.

fatty acid synthesis glucose synthesis amino acid breakdown

A common food additive added to certain foods such as salad dressings and ice cream for its emulsifying properties is called

lecithin

Three leading causes of cancer death for men are ______.

prostate lung and bronchus colorectum

The water-soluble vitamins include

the B vitamins. vitamin C

A liquid mixture that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally is called a

total parenteral solution.

In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are

used as coenzymes.

People who eat little/no animal products may have a deficiency of

vitamin B-12