Human Physiology - Chapter 26 (Reproduction)

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Egg and sperm cells have

23 chromosomes

The average length of the menstrual cycle is

28 days

The following is a list of structures of the male reproductive tract. 1. vas deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis Identify the order in which sperm pass through these structures from the testes to the penis

4, 1, 3, 2

Place the events of fertilization and implantation in order. 1. Implantation of the developing embryo. 2. The developing embryo becomes a blastocyst which consists of a hollow ball of cells. 3. Mitosis occurs in the Fallopian tube. 4. The cortical reaction occurs, preventing polyspermy. 5. The egg is fertilized by the sperm.

5, 4, 3, 2, 1

The enzyme responsible for converting androgens to estrogens is

Aromatase

Which enzyme converts androgens to estrogens, and where is it found?

Aromatase, found in the ovaries and the testes

A male patient is taking a drug that is a parasympathetic antagonist. Which do you predict?

Decreased erections

Which statement most accurately describes how the sex of a human embryo is determined?

Embryos with the SRY gene become male; embryos without the gene become female.

Which hormone is the most important regulator of endometrium proliferation during the follicular phase?

Estrogen

The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

Fallopian tube

The first phase of the ovarian cycle is the __________ phase.

Follicular

Which hormone released from the hypothalamus regulates gonad function?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Gametes are produced by

Gonads

Which statement is true about gamete formation?

Human females are thought to be born with all the primary gametes they will ever have

________ cells produce testosterone while ________ cells regulate sperm development.

Interstitial, Sertoli

What is the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

It causes the corpus luteum to continue to secrete progesterone

testosterone

Leydig cells

What is the third phase of the ovarian cycle called, and what occurs during this time?

Luteal phase; transformation of a ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum

Which is the name of the eggs produced by the ovaries?

Ova

The surge in LH and FSH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

Ovulation

human chorionic gonadotropin

Placenta

Menstruation is triggered decreased levels of

Progesterone

Which of the following is the site of spermatogenesis in the testis

Seminiferous tubules

What is the name of the process which produces sperm?

Spermatogenesis

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin?

Stimulating contractions in pelvic muscles before parturition

Which is the name for the male gonad?

Testis

Which is responsible for the development of the Wolffian duct into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicle?

Testosterone

Which is responsible for the cessation of reproductive cycles in women?

The ovaries are unable to respond to lutenizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone

Which occurs during an erection?

The parasympathetic nervous system dilates the arteries going into the penis

How does a sperm manage to penetrate the corona radiata and the zona pellucida and fertilize an egg?

Through an acrosomal reaction

Which drives female libido?

adrenal androgens

Interstitial cells produce

androgens

Identify the FALSE statement a. Gametogenesis begins in the female fetus. b. Estrogens control the development of the reproductive organs in the female fetus. c. Androgens control the development of reproductive organs in the male fetus. d. Females have one less active chromosome than males. e. Meiosis is never completed in most oocytes.

b. Estrogens control the development of the reproductive organs in the female fetus

Mucus functions as a lubricant in the semen. Which structure produces mucus?

bulbourethral glands

The mucus present in semen comes mainly from the __________.

bulbourethral glands

progesterone, early in pregnancy

corpus luteum

A male body builder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) daily. After three weeks, which would you expect? a. decreased LH b. decreased GnRH c. Decreased FSH d. increased sex drive e. All of the above

e. all of the above

If the ovaries were removed from a 20-year-old female, which would you expect? a. cessation of menstruation b. increased FSH c. increased GnRH d. increased LH e. All of these observations

e. all of these observations

Female secondary sexual characteristics (libido, pubic and axillary hair, fat distribution pattern, and breast development) are controlled by __________

estrogens and androgens

Which is responsible for sweeping the ovulated egg toward the Fallopian tube and away from the abdominal cavity?

fimbriae

A vasectomy prevents which of the following?

formed sperm from entering ejaculate

Meiosis of one cell results in production of

four gametes if male, one if female

The hormone that is the basis for a pregnancy test is

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

The role of the pituitary hormone FSH in males is to

initiate sperm production in the testes

Testosterone are produced by the __________in testes.

interstitial cells of Leydig

Which hormone contributes to the onset of puberty?

leptin

In the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the ovary is

maturing a follicle

Emission is defined as

movement of sperm into the urethra

The dominant hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase is

progesterone

The role of the corpus luteum is to secrete __________.

progesterone and estrogen

The hormone mainly responsible for milk production is

prolactin

Which occurs during days 7-14 of the menstrual cycle?

proliferative phase

Which occurs during days 14-28 of the menstrual cycle?

secretory phase

Sperm production occurs in the

seminiferous tubules

Which structure is the source of sperm?

seminiferous tubules

The presence or absence of __________ determines whether an embryo will develop into a male or female.

the SRY gene

The cervix is

the neck of the uterus only

Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they

undergo capacitation


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