Human Physiology - Chapter 26 (Reproduction)
Egg and sperm cells have
23 chromosomes
The average length of the menstrual cycle is
28 days
The following is a list of structures of the male reproductive tract. 1. vas deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis Identify the order in which sperm pass through these structures from the testes to the penis
4, 1, 3, 2
Place the events of fertilization and implantation in order. 1. Implantation of the developing embryo. 2. The developing embryo becomes a blastocyst which consists of a hollow ball of cells. 3. Mitosis occurs in the Fallopian tube. 4. The cortical reaction occurs, preventing polyspermy. 5. The egg is fertilized by the sperm.
5, 4, 3, 2, 1
The enzyme responsible for converting androgens to estrogens is
Aromatase
Which enzyme converts androgens to estrogens, and where is it found?
Aromatase, found in the ovaries and the testes
A male patient is taking a drug that is a parasympathetic antagonist. Which do you predict?
Decreased erections
Which statement most accurately describes how the sex of a human embryo is determined?
Embryos with the SRY gene become male; embryos without the gene become female.
Which hormone is the most important regulator of endometrium proliferation during the follicular phase?
Estrogen
The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the
Fallopian tube
The first phase of the ovarian cycle is the __________ phase.
Follicular
Which hormone released from the hypothalamus regulates gonad function?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gametes are produced by
Gonads
Which statement is true about gamete formation?
Human females are thought to be born with all the primary gametes they will ever have
________ cells produce testosterone while ________ cells regulate sperm development.
Interstitial, Sertoli
What is the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
It causes the corpus luteum to continue to secrete progesterone
testosterone
Leydig cells
What is the third phase of the ovarian cycle called, and what occurs during this time?
Luteal phase; transformation of a ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum
Which is the name of the eggs produced by the ovaries?
Ova
The surge in LH and FSH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers
Ovulation
human chorionic gonadotropin
Placenta
Menstruation is triggered decreased levels of
Progesterone
Which of the following is the site of spermatogenesis in the testis
Seminiferous tubules
What is the name of the process which produces sperm?
Spermatogenesis
Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin?
Stimulating contractions in pelvic muscles before parturition
Which is the name for the male gonad?
Testis
Which is responsible for the development of the Wolffian duct into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicle?
Testosterone
Which is responsible for the cessation of reproductive cycles in women?
The ovaries are unable to respond to lutenizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone
Which occurs during an erection?
The parasympathetic nervous system dilates the arteries going into the penis
How does a sperm manage to penetrate the corona radiata and the zona pellucida and fertilize an egg?
Through an acrosomal reaction
Which drives female libido?
adrenal androgens
Interstitial cells produce
androgens
Identify the FALSE statement a. Gametogenesis begins in the female fetus. b. Estrogens control the development of the reproductive organs in the female fetus. c. Androgens control the development of reproductive organs in the male fetus. d. Females have one less active chromosome than males. e. Meiosis is never completed in most oocytes.
b. Estrogens control the development of the reproductive organs in the female fetus
Mucus functions as a lubricant in the semen. Which structure produces mucus?
bulbourethral glands
The mucus present in semen comes mainly from the __________.
bulbourethral glands
progesterone, early in pregnancy
corpus luteum
A male body builder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) daily. After three weeks, which would you expect? a. decreased LH b. decreased GnRH c. Decreased FSH d. increased sex drive e. All of the above
e. all of the above
If the ovaries were removed from a 20-year-old female, which would you expect? a. cessation of menstruation b. increased FSH c. increased GnRH d. increased LH e. All of these observations
e. all of these observations
Female secondary sexual characteristics (libido, pubic and axillary hair, fat distribution pattern, and breast development) are controlled by __________
estrogens and androgens
Which is responsible for sweeping the ovulated egg toward the Fallopian tube and away from the abdominal cavity?
fimbriae
A vasectomy prevents which of the following?
formed sperm from entering ejaculate
Meiosis of one cell results in production of
four gametes if male, one if female
The hormone that is the basis for a pregnancy test is
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
The role of the pituitary hormone FSH in males is to
initiate sperm production in the testes
Testosterone are produced by the __________in testes.
interstitial cells of Leydig
Which hormone contributes to the onset of puberty?
leptin
In the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the ovary is
maturing a follicle
Emission is defined as
movement of sperm into the urethra
The dominant hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase is
progesterone
The role of the corpus luteum is to secrete __________.
progesterone and estrogen
The hormone mainly responsible for milk production is
prolactin
Which occurs during days 7-14 of the menstrual cycle?
proliferative phase
Which occurs during days 14-28 of the menstrual cycle?
secretory phase
Sperm production occurs in the
seminiferous tubules
Which structure is the source of sperm?
seminiferous tubules
The presence or absence of __________ determines whether an embryo will develop into a male or female.
the SRY gene
The cervix is
the neck of the uterus only
Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they
undergo capacitation
