Human Sexuality Chapter 1

Presidential Commission on Obscenity and Pornography

1970s under Nixon administration; Recommended the repeal of legislation prohibiting the sale, exhibition, or distribution of sexual materials to consenting adults; no evidence that pornography caused delinquent or criminal behavior in youths or adults.

Commission on Pornography

1984 during the Reagan administration; spread of pornography should be contained; little to no impact

Richard Mapplethorpe

1990s photographer; art included homoerotic and sadomasochistic themes

20th Century Western Cultures

Art was surreal and sex in art was influenced by themes psychoanalysis

Alfred Kinsey

Accomplished zoologist who gradually moved into research on human sexual behavior; gathered detailed histories on the sexual lives of more than 16,000 people; surveys on sexual behaviors and attitudes; founded Kinsey Institute.

Sigmund Freud

Adult sexual perversions were distortions of childhood sexual expressions; first theory of infantile sexuality; highly influential in the U.S.

Shunga

Japanese position pictures passed from mother to daughter upon daughter's betrothal; to instruct and encourage erotic interests in their husband.

National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS)

Most comprehensive study on sexual behavior in the U.S since Kinsey; used random sampling techniques for questionnaires.

18th Century Western cultures

Okay with nudity but purely for art and never showed genitalia

I Modi

Sexually explicit sonnets accompinied by engravings of couples engaging in sexual acts. The first "Stroke Book"

Pre-Colombian Pottery from Mexico and Peru

Showed male masturbation and fellatio; often exaggerated phallic sizes.

Ancient Greek and Etruscan Art

Showed scenes of masturbation, fellatio, orgies, adult-child relations and other sexual activities.

Legion of Decency

Created by the Catholic church in 1934; Hollywood Production Code based upon this group's views.

Theodoor Hendrik Van De Velde

Dutch physician who wrote "Ideal Marriage" which described a variety of coital positions; discussed the use of oral sex in foreplay, and offered suggestions for dealing with some sexual problems.

Iwan Bloch

First "sexologist" who coined the term "sexual science"; studied history of prostitution and "strange" sexual practices.

Pietro Aretino

Italian journalist who wrote "I Modi" and is considered to introduce pornography to Europe

Margaret Mead

One of the first anthropologists to explore sex customs and behaviors and how different cultures effected them.

Magnus Hirschfield

One of the first professionals to take a stand on rights for homosexuals; argued that homosexuals deserve the same rights reserved to heterosexuals; also argued against prevailing claims of the negative effects of masturbation.

Child Online Protection Act

Passed by congress in 1988; banned access to pornographic websites to minors; struck down by supreme court in 2009

Helena Wright

Pioneer in the sexual liberation of women; accomplished gynecologist in 1920s London; found that most women found no enjoyment in sex and considered it a marital duty; published books that taught women how to reach orgasm, through masturbation and intercourse; wrote The Sex Factor in Marriage.

Sodomy Laws

State laws that prohibit forms of behavior that fall into the category of "deviant sexual intercourse"; enforced mainly in male-to-male sexual acts; struck down by the supreme court in 2003

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Work focused on the physiology of human sexual response and the treatment of sexual dysfunction; used sophisticated instrumentation to measure the physiological responses of 694 individuals during masturbation and coitus; wrote Human Sexual Response.

Lady Chatterley's Lover

Written by D.H. Lawrence; pioneered sensitive treatment of erotic themes in literature; controversial for decades for sexual explicitness.

Ulysses

Written by James Joyce in 1920s and was banned in the U.S. at first for its sexual nature; 1933 judge ruling which changed the definition of pornography allowed for it to come to the U.S.; now considered a masterpiece.

Richard Von Kraft-Ebbing

Wrote Psychopathia Sexualis that gave 4 classifications of sexual deviations; masturbation caused all sexual deviations