Human structure Exam 2 (11)
1st pharyngeal arch structures muscles?
mastication (temporalis, masseter, pterygoids) anterior belly of digastric, mylohoid, tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani)
1st pharyngeal arch structures blood supply?
maxillary artery (1st branch from the 1st aortic arch)
1st pharyngeal arch structures ligaments?
sphenomandibular ligament, anterior ligament of malleus
What is the relationship of the first arch to the stomodeum?
surrounds it?
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: Week 12: _______ epithelium in the roof differentiate into olfactory epithelium olfactory receptor cells A. Ectodermal B. Mesodermal C. Endodermal
A. Ectodermal
The cervical sinus ectodermal cells form the Thymus A. hassall's corpuscles. B. reticulated thymus C. mesenchyme D. lympocytes
A. Hassall's corpuscles
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: Paranasal sinuses: ____________ develop in late fetal life; others form after birth. A. Maxillary sinuses B. Mandibular sinuses C. nasal sinuses D. oropharangeal sinuses
A. Maxillary sinuses
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: Week 5: __________prominences deepen the pits à Primordial nasal sacs, forming Nostrils. A. Nasal mesenchymal B. Nasal membrane C. Nostril D. Oronasal membrane
A. Nasal mesenchymal
3rd Pharyngeal Arch: 3rd arch mesoderm forms the ___________muscle, & is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX). Motor fibers to the __________________ muscle are supplied by CN IX, and this nerve also supplies motor/sensory fibers to the pharyngeal plexus. A. Stylopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus B. Stylopharyngeus, masseter C. obicularis oris, stapedius D. masseter, obicularis oris
A. Stylopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus
Derivatives of Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages: 1st Arch: ___________: Meckel's cartilage (maxillary/mandibular prominences). _______: Middle ear bones (__________,___________) A. Ventrally, Dorsally, (malleus, incus) B. Dorsally, Ventrally, (malleus, incus) C. ventrally, Dorsally, (incus, stapes) D. Dorsally, Ventrally, (incus, stapes)
A. Ventrally, Dorsally, (malleus, incus)
2nd Pharyngeal pouch ___________ proliferates and pushes into the mesenchyme beneath to form lymphoid tissue. The palatine tonsils form (mesodermal lymphoid tissue + crypts cell lined by epithelial cells A. endoderm B. ectoderm C. mesoderm
A. endoderm
1st Pharyngeal Pouch: The pharyngeal pouch has an __________surface. A. endodermal B. ectodermal C. mesodermal D. notocord
A. endodermal
2nd Pharyngeal Arch: The ______ nerve innervate the muscle and tongue mucosa. A. facial (CN VII) B. trochlear (CN IV) C. abducens (CN VI) D. glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
A. facial (CN VII)
The __________ the primordial jaws, appears as surface elevations lateral to the developing pharynx. A. first pair of arches B. second pair of arches C. third pair of arches D. fourth pair of arches
A. first pair of arches,
Development of Palate: Week 6-12 Primary palate (median palatine process): Originates from the ___________ segment formed by merging of the medial nasal prominences (a wedge-shaped mass of mesenchyme) between the maxillary prominences. This gives rise to the primordium of premaxillary part of the maxilla, which later becomes the primary palate (small hard palate). A. inter-maxillary B. outer-maxillary C. inner mandibular D. outer mandibular
A. inter-maxillary
C cells differentiate from _________ cells A. neural crest B. parathyroid C. mesenchymal D. thyroid
A. neural crest
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: Week 12 Olfactory nerve fibers (axons) grow dorsally into the __________ of the brain. A. olfactory bulbs B. nasal conchae C. olfactory epithelium D. olfactory palate
A. olfactory bulbs
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: Week 12: The __________, lateral wall of the nasal cavity, & _______develop. A. palates B. choana C. primary palate D. nasal conchae
A. palates D. nasal conchae
4th & 6th Pharyngeal arches •4th & 6th arch mesoderm forms muscles of the larynx and pharynx: -- 4th arch: the constrictors of the ____ +__________ (levator veli palatine) & Cricothyroid (phonation). -- 6th arch: intrinsic muscles of the _________. A. pharynx, palate, larynx B. palate, larynx, pharynx C. pharynx, larynx, palate D. larynx, pharynx, palate
A. pharynx, palate, larynx
The first pair of arches, the ________, appears as surface elevations lateral to the developing pharynx. A. primordial jaws B. primordial pouch C. heart prominance D. oropharangeal membrane
A. primordial jaws
2nd Pharyngeal groove gets isolated by growth of the ___________, which forms the ______________ A. second arch, operculum (flap) B. third arch, mesenchyme C. fourth arch, palantine D. first arch, lymphoid
A. second arch, operculum (flap)
2nd Pharyngeal Arch: The ________bone & _______ muscle (smallest bone & muscle; 1mm, in our body) are formed from the 2nd arch connective tissue. A. stapes, stapedius B. incus, incudeus C. malleus, malleus D. incus, incus
A. stapes, stapedius
1st Pharyngeal Pouch: It is a lengthy ingrowth which becomes the __________ recess, which fuses with pharyngeal structures to form the ______________ tube (middle ear cavity + eustachian tube) connecting to the nasopharynx. A. tubotympanic, pharyngotympanic B. pharyngotympanic, tubotympanic C. oculomotor, eustachian D. eustachian, oculomotor
A. tubotympanic, pharyngotympanic
What does each pharyngeal arch consists of? A. An aortic arch, supplying blood B. A cartilaginous rod forming the skeleton C. A muscular component D. Arch nerve that supplies the mucosa/muscles.
All of the above
Which of the following are the components of the Pharyngeal Apparatus? A. Arches B. Grooves C. Pouches D. Membranes
All of them A. Arches B. Grooves C. Pouches D. Membranes
Derivatives of Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages __________ Arch: Stapes, Styloid process, Lesser cornu (horn) of hyoid bone, Superior body of hyoid bone. A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
B. 2nd
The facial proportions develop in the fetal period A. 4 - 8 weeks B. 9th week to birth C. In childhood
B. 9th week to birth
2nd Pharyngeal Arch: What are formed from the 2nd arch connective tissue? A. malleus/ incus B. Bony styloid process C. lesser cornu (horn) of the hyoid bone D. masseter muscle E. stylohyoid ligament
B. Bony styloid process C. lesser cornu (horn) of the hyoid bone E. stylohyoid ligament
_________, _________. and _________ contribute in the formation of the pharyngeal apparatus. A. Metaderm B. Ectoderm, C. Mesoderm D. Endoderm
B. Ectoderm, C. Mesoderm D. Endoderm
The foregut develops, what 6 things? Foregut A.Formation & Rotation of Midgut Loop B. Esophagus C. Stomach D. Duodenum E. Cloaca F. Liver and Biliary Apparatus G. Retraction of Intestinal Loops H. Pancreas I. Anal Canal J. Spleen K. Cecum and Appendix L. Summary of Alimentary System
B. Esophagus C. Stomach D. Duodenum F. Liver and Biliary Apparatus H. Pancreas J. Spleen
__________ fill the septa & develop into thymocytes (precursor T cells). A. Leukocytes B. Lymphocytes C. Monocytes D. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes
First Pharyngeal Arch: Week 4: The mandibular process à _________ cartilage, which is replaced by bony mandible formed by __________ossification. A. mesenchymal, intermembraneous B. Meckel's, intramembranous C. calcified, calcified D. hardened, outermembraneous
B. Meckel's, intramembranous
______________branches of 1st pouch (CN V): Superficial distribution A. one ventral trochlear B. two Caudal Trigeminal C. three cranial optic D. two dorsal vagus
B. Two Caudal Trigeminal
Blood supply to the Pharyngeal Apparatus,_____________, arteries arises from the ________________ of the primordial heart and passes around the primordial pharynx, supplying blood to the pharyngeal apparatus and then enter the dorsal aorta on the other side (the dorsal end). A. Caudally, Truncus arteriosus B. Ventrally, Truncus arteriosus C. Caudally, lungs D. Ventrally, lungs
B. Ventrally, Truncus arteriosus
4th & 6th Pharyngeal arches 4th & 6th arches eventually fuse & form common neck structure. •4th & 6th arch _________ tissue fuse to form ___________Cartilage comprising of: Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Corniculate & Cuneiform cartilage; but not the ________________. A. adipose, laryngeal, hyoid B. connective, Laryngeal, epiglottis C. connective, pharyngeal, tongue D. mesenchymal, pharyngeal, epiglottis
B. connective, Laryngeal, epiglottis
Primary lymphoid organ: develops from 3rd pouch. Made of _____________ A. Ectoderm B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. neural creat cells
B. endoderm C. mesoderm D. neural crest cells)
By week 5 the 1st pharyngeal groove starts forming the __________(Figs. a, b). The other grooves fuse and disappear. A. mandibular process B. external auditory meatus of the ear C. nasal passage D. ocular canal
B. external auditory meatus of the ear
3rd Pharyngeal Arch: 3rd arch connective tissue forms: Greater horn (cornu) & inferior parts of the ________bone. A. mandible B. hyoid C. maxilla D. frontal
B. hyoid
Development of Palate: Week 6-12 Primary palate (median palatine process): Originates from the inter-maxillary segment formed by merging of the medial nasal prominences (a wedge-shaped mass of mesenchyme) between the ______________________. This gives rise to the primordium of premaxillary part of the maxilla, which later becomes the primary palate (small hard palate). A. mandibular prominences B. maxillary prominences C. nasal prominences D. palate prominences
B. maxillary prominences
4.5-week Human Embryo The core mesenchyme is derived from paraxial ________ and is covered by ________ & internally by ___________. A. endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm B. mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm C. ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm D. endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
B. mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm
1st Pharyngeal Pouch: It is a lengthy ingrowth which becomes the tubotympanic recess, which fuses with pharyngeal structures to form the pharyngotympanic tube (________+________) connecting to the ___________________. A. inner ear cavity + eustachian tube, pharynx B. middle ear cavity + eustachian tube, nasopharynx C. inner ear cavity, mesopharynx D. nasal+ oral cavity, nasopharynx
B. middle ear cavity + eustachian tube, nasopharynx
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: Week 5: The Nasal placodes form A. pharynx B. nasal pits. C. oral cavity D. nasal sac
B. nasal pits.
Sensory/motor nerves invade the mucosa/muscles in each arch. These nerves are derived from _________ of the brain. A. neuroendoderm B. neuroectoderm C. neuromesoderm D. neurometaderm
B. neuroectoderm
28 days: The pharyngeal (or branchial) arches forms as ___________, externally visible on the ventrolateral side of the early brain/head. A. separated structures B. paired structures C. dual structures D. multi structures
B. paired structures
First Pharyngeal Arch: Week 4: A ventral depression ______________ (future mouth) is contagious with the gut tube. A. mandible B. stomodeum C. mandibular process D. merckels cartilage
B. stomodeum
4th pouch ventrally forms the _____________ body, which fuses with the thyroid gland & produce the parafollicular cells (C cells that produce Calcitonin). A. parathyroid gland B. ultimopharyngeal C. cervical sinus D. lymphoid tissue
B. ultimopharyngeal
Week 5: Dorsal epithelium of 3 & 4th pouches proliferate & form small dorsal nodules & become A. lengthened B. vascularized C. thyroid gland D. neural crest cells
B. vascularized
The pharyngeal (or branchial) arches forms as paired structures, externally visible on the ventrolateral side of the early brain/head on what Day? A. 12 B. 21 C. 28 D. 34
C. 28
Derivatives of Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages _______ Arch: Greater cornu (horn) of hyoid, Inferior body of hyoid bone. A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
C. 3rd
Primary lymphoid organ: develops from ________ pouch. Made of (endoderm + mesoderm +neural crest cells). A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
C. 3rd
Parathyroid chief cells (or principal cells) differentiate & regulate fetal ______ metabolism by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH). A. Na B. K+ C. Ca++ D. Fe
C. Ca++
after development of teeth & paranasal sinuses, a definitive face forms A. 4 - 8 weeks B. 9th week to birth C. In childhood
C. In childhood
____________: develops from 3rd pouch. Made of (endoderm + mesoderm +neural crest cells). A. Epithelium tubes B. heart C. Primary lymphoid organ D. lungs
C. Primary lymphoid organ
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: ____________ formed in the nasal cavities by week 7, disappear by 16th week. A. Nasal mesenchymal B. Nasal membrane C. Temporary epithelial plugs D. Oronasal membrane
C. Temporary epithelial plugs
A _____ forms the skeleton of the arch. A. notocord B. groove C. cartilaginous rod D. pouch
C. cartilaginous rod
2nd Pharyngeal groove: This flap fuses with third and fourth grooves & forms the _________ sinus lined with ectodermal epithelia. A. nasal B. optic C. cervical D. cranial
C. cervical
3rd Pharyngeal Arch: 3rd aortic arches gives rise to major parts of the adult ___________ arteries (see circulatory system). A. aortic B. brachiocephalic C. common and internal carotid D. innominant
C. common and internal carotid
When is the Emergence of the Pharyngeal Apparatus ? A. day 10-15 B. day 17-21 C. day 23-28 D. day 24-31
C. day 23-28
4.5-week Human Embryo ________ cells in the arches originate from the lateral __________and produce invasive angioblasts, forming the _____________. A. epithelial, endoderm, skin B. neural, ectoderm, skin C. endothelial, mesoderm, vasculature D. mesenchyme, endoderm, vasculature
C. endothelial, mesoderm, vasculature
3rd Pharyngeal Arch: 3rd arch mesoderm forms the Stylopharyngeus muscle, & is innervated by the __________ nerve. Motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle are supplied by _____________, and this nerve also supplies motor/sensory fibers to the pharyngeal plexus. A. Accessory nerve (CN XI), (CN XI) B. Abducens nerve (CN VI), (CN VI) C. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), CN IX D. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), (CN XII)
C. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), CN IX
First Pharyngeal Arch: Week 4: Dorsally, the mandible forms _______________+_________(middle ear bones). A. malleus + stapes B. stapes + incus C. incus + malleus
C. incus + malleus
2nd Pharyngeal pouch endoderm proliferates and pushes into the mesenchyme beneath to form _________tissue. The _____________ form (mesodermal lymphoid tissue + crypts cell lined by epithelial cells A. palatine tonsils, lymphoid B. mesoderm, tonsils C. lymphoid, palatine tonsils D. endoderm, lymphoid
C. lymphoid, palatine tonsils
2nd Pharyngeal pouch endoderm proliferates and pushes into the ____________ beneath to form lymphoid tissue. The palatine tonsils form (mesodermal lymphoid tissue + crypts cell lined by epithelial cells A. endodermal B. ectoderm C. mesenchyme D. mesoderm
C. mesenchyme
3rd Pharyngeal Arch: 3rd Pharyngeal pouch endoderm contributes to ___________. A. glossopharyngeal nerve B. mesenchyme C. neck endocrine glands D. carotids
C. neck endocrine glands
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: Week 7: The ________ develops (connecting oral cavity to nasal pharynx). A. nasal conchae B. secondary plate C. primordial choana D. secondary choana
C. primordial choana
In week 7 what are the 3 glands that migrate o the neck? A. thalamus B. hyoid C. thymus D. thyroid E. parathyroid F. tonsil
C. thymus D. thyroid E. parathyroid
Derivatives of Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages _______ Arch: Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform & Triticeal cartilages A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
D. 4th
2nd Pharyngeal groove: Later, the sinus disappears & the ectodermal cells forms ____________ found in the thymus gland. A. mesenchyme B. lymphoid tissue C. optic canal D. Hassall's corpuscles
D. Hassall's corpuscles
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses: week 5 The _____separates the nasal & oral cavity. A. Nasal mesenchymal B. Nasal membrane C. Nostril D. Oronasal membrane
D. Oronasal membrane
Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses:1. Week 6: _________ ruptures, connecting the nasal and oral cavities. A. Nasal mesenchymal B. Nasal membrane C. Nostril D. Oronasal membrane
D. Oronasal membrane
Development of Palate: Week 6-12: ____________ phase; critical being the 6th -9th week. Complete palate development: Primordia of (Primary palate + Secondary palate) A. maxillary prominance B. nasopharangeal C. oropharangeal D. Palatogenesis
D. Palatogenesis
____________ innervate 4th & 6th arches: 4th arch: superior laryngeal branch of the _________ 6th arch : with recurrent laryngeal nerve _______ that innervate the larynx. A. optic (CN II) B. Facial.(CN VII) C. Vestibulochoclear (CN VIII) D. Vagus nerve (CN X)
D. Vagus nerve (CN X)
1st Pharyngeal Pouch: Eustachian tube equalizes _____________ in the middle ear. A. vibrations B. frequencies C. fluid D. atmospheric pressure
D. atmospheric pressure
3rd Pharyngeal Arch: 3rd & 4th Pharyngeal groove fuse, & the cervical sinus _________. A. combines B. regenerates C. fuses D. disappears
D. disappears
First Pharyngeal Arch: Week 4: The 1st Pharyngeal arches flank the stomodeum & divide into a dorsal _________ process & ventral _______ process. A. malleus, incus B. incus, malleus C. mandibular, maxillary D. maxillary, mandibular
D. maxillary, mandibular
4.5-week Human Embryo Later, ___________cells largely forms the arch-mesenchyme/connective tissue (cartilage, bone, muscles/ligaments & skin) A. mesoderm B. endothelial C. ectoderm D. neural crest
D. neural crest
2nd Pharyngeal Arch: Arch II grows rapidly and inferiorly to cover the smaller arches forming the ____________. This growth forms a '_____" over other arches and creates the smooth covering of the neck. A. optic, lip B. oral, lid C. operculum, lip D. operculum, lid
D. operculum, lid
Blood supply to the Pharyngeal Apparatus,Ventrally, arteries arises from the Truncus arteriosus of the primordial heart and passes around the _____________, supplying blood to the pharyngeal apparatus and then enter the _________ on the other side (the dorsal end). A. primordial pharynx, ventral aorta B. pharyngeal pharynx, dorsal aorta C. pharyngeal pharynx, ventral aorta D. primordial pharynx, dorsal aorta
D. primordial pharynx, dorsal aorta
Development of Palate: Week 6-12 Primary palate (median palatine process): Originates from the inter-maxillary segment formed by merging of the medial nasal prominences (a wedge-shaped mass of mesenchyme) between the maxillary prominences. This gives rise to the _______________ of premaxillary part of the maxilla, which later becomes the _______________ (small hard palate). A. mandible, mandibular prominence B. maxillary prominance, primordium C. secondary, secondary palate D. primordium, primary palate
D. primordium, primary palate
Epithelium form tubes & solid cords in the mesenchyme. Cords form ____________, which trap the mesenchyme & form septa. A. cervical sinus B. hassalls corpuscles C. lymphocytes D. reticulated thymus lobules
D. reticulated thymus lobules
_____________ form (__________), but only ________ are externally visible. Arch V is absent in humans. A. 5 arches, 4 B. 6 arches, 3 C. 7 arches, 5 D. 8 arches, 6
FORM 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 A. 5 arches, 4
1st pharyngeal arch structures bones?
Incus malleus, maxilla, mandible (also squamous part of temporal bone, zygomatic bone, palatine bones)
1st pharyngeal arch structures nerves?
Trigeminal nerve CN V (maxillary and mandibular branches V2 and V3
The (pouches/face) forms and the Neural crest cells migrate. A. 4 - 8 weeks B. 9th week to birth C. In childhood
A. 4 - 8 weeks
