Humanities Chapter 3 & 4

Compare Greek Art to Roman Art: Sculpture

-Greek art focused on Idealism, they tried to make everything/everyone look ideal, meaning what everyone else expected something to look like, they hid all of the imperfections The works of art made by Greek artists demonstrated the ideal physical form. The Greeks idealized the human form because much of their art was a portrayal of their gods. They also used their finest athletes as models. -BUT Roman art focused on realism, which means that they tried to make everything look as real as possible. Roman art was primarily used for decoration, and the artists added quirks to their pieces that added to the humanity, while greek art was used primarily for religious purposes

Compare Greek Art to Roman Art: materials

-The Romans and Greeks used different MATERIALS in their architecture: The Greeks used marble and granite to construct its temples. The Romans, who extensively used the arch in design, were able to use lessor materials in building temples. While columns and ornate pieces of a building were in marble, the building itself would be constructed of brick and concrete.

The Christ Myth Steps/Process:

1) Hero must leave status quo (current state of things) 2) must face obstacles 3) Descends to an "underworld" 4) Must die (either real or metaphorical) 5) Returns as a reborn or resurrected hero with new knowledge of themselves and/or the world around them

Christ Myth:

It may also be called the "Christ Motif" It may also be called the Resurrection, Transformation, and Initiation Motif BUT the pattern is still the same

Compare Greek Art to Roman Art: Theatre and Architecture

THEATRE: Greek theater was all religious based, it was about their gods, Roman Theatre was violent and bloody, ARCHITECTURE: The Greeks tended to favor the less ornate Doric column in many of its temples. The Parthenon dedicated to the Goddess Athena is an example of the Doric, thick and with very little decoration, columns. Roman architecture preferred the Corinthian column,a highly ornate column that is decorated at both the top and bottom with intricate designs and artwork, and can be seen in the Pantheon. -The ARCHS: Greeks tended to support the roof of their buildings with a post-and-lintel system. Two beams holds up a third, horizontal beam. The Romans perfected the use of the arch, which added decorative effects and was much stronger than the traditional post-and-lintel system.

Major Achievement in Roman Culture: Aqueducts

The Aqueducts were a major achievement in roman culture because it supplied the town with water for various things such as eating, drinking, bathing, and even relaxation. They were created because the Roman Empire became so large that they could no longer gather water from the wells or even nearby lakes/streams because it was becoming polluted. they had no local clean water. So, they made a way to get water from the large lakes and rivers and into their cities. 500 miles of aqueducts were built in the town of Rome to help distribute the clean water. They were powered entirely by gravity, they had a slight slope to keep the water flowing. Some parts of the aqueducts had a arch to help maintain the slope. Having clean water meant, having clean drinking water and having clean bathing water. Therefor making this empire at the time one of the cleanest. Aqueducts also allowed the dirty disease filled water to drain out of the town making it even cleaner. When water reached Rome it flowed into enormous cisterns (castella). These large reservoirs held the water supply for the city and were connected to a vast network of lead pipes. Everything from public fountains, baths and private villas could tap into the network, sometimes provided a fee was paid. The water system was as politically motivated as any other massive public works project. Providing additional sources of incoming flow, feeding the baths or simply providing water access to more of the populace could grant great prestige. Maintenance of the water system was a continuous task, and the Romans assigned a Curator Aquarum to oversee this undertaking. Paid laborers, slaves and the legions all had parts in building parts of the water system. The Curator Aquarum maintained the aqueducts of Rome, while similar curators oversaw those in the provinces.

Major Achievements in Roman Culture #2: Archs

The Arch was created to enclose a large area of uninterrupted space. The archs exceeded the post-and-lintel construction used by the greeks in buildings, like the Parthenon. They place archs back to back to form a barrel or tunnel vault, at right angles to each other to form a cross or groined vault, and around a central point to form a dome. These arch foundations were made with a combination of brick, stone, rubble, and the newly found concrete. These archs were used in the aqueducts as well. They were used to transport water over valleys to keep the flow going. The archs were also used in the design/structure for the Colosseum. They were stacked one ontop of the other in a circular form to create a wall, enclosing the large space. The use of the archs to make a dome is seen at the top of the Pantheon for a dome.

Similarities between Christianity, Judaism, & Islam: Monotheistic & Prophets & The 10 Commandments

They all believed in only 1 god. -Judaism: Abraham in Canaan -Christianity: Jesus at the jordan river -islam: Muhammad in the Arabian Desert ** They all also believed that Moses Received the 10 Commandments (which is basically a moral code) ** They all beleived in an after life

Simalirites Between Christianity, Judaism, & islam: The holy book

They all have a holy book: - Islam: "qur'an" -Christianity: "bible" -Judaism: "Torah"

Similarities Between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam: Music

They all have music in their religions in prayers or in rituals

The Fall of Rome

the decline of rome happened for a various amount of reasons: -the empire grew too large -decline of slave trade -the huge gap between the rich (1%) and the poor (99%); during the Pax Romana 1/3 to 1/2 of the pop. was on welfare. These all were made worse by the repeated attacks on the empire by the Germanic Tribes and from the corruption of the roman govt. -there was also never a consistent ruler/ emperor in rome due to assasinations, 26 emperors ruled rome, and only one of them died from natural causes