Hundred Years War, Black Death War of the Roses
Great Schism
(1378-1417) Split that occurred in the Catholic Church with two Popes, one in Avignon, France and the other in Rome, Italy. The Schism caused many to question the Church's authority.
Council of Pisa
500 bishops met and got rid of the two Popes and elects Alexander V the new Pope, but none of the popes step down
Black Death
An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. (p. 397) A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351
Battle of Crecy
Battle between Edward III and Phillip VI in Normand. English outnumbered 2 to 1 but still won using longbows
Second Babylonian Captivity
The period of time that reflects when the Pope was housed in Avignon, not Rome.
Babylonian Captivity
The period when all popes were French and resided in Avignon, France, starting with Clement V. This angered Italians and led to the Great Schism.
Burgundy
This region produces world-famous red wines, prosperous duchy that made up a large part of the land of France
Battle of Orleans
Turning point of the Hundred Years War in which Joan of Arc rallied the French troops to allow them to win the battle
Avignon
Where the Pope stayed in France for 69 years after the Great Schism
House of York
White Rose, involved starting with Richard II
Flanders
a region that included parts of present day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands; was an important industrial and financial center of northern Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance
Henry IV
also known as henry bolingbroke, the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413
Henry VI
baby king, mentally ill, begins battle of the roses w richard duke of york as king protector
Battle of Agincourt
battle where Henry V led the English to victory with a speech, even though they were outnumbered
Plantagenet Flag
both red lion and blue french flower
Genoa
control luxury trade, dominated northern route to asia
Flag of the Kingdom of France
fleur de lis
john ii
french king taken hostage by black prince during battle of poitiers
jacquerie
french peasant revolts as a result of black death
Henry VII
henry tudor, wins battle of bosworth
Battle of Poitiers
led by Black prince; 7,000 English troops with longbow, 15,000 french troops with crossbow, french forced to retreat, english capture french king, too embarrassed to ransom him, help captive until death 8 years later
Richard Duke of York
lord protector of henry vi, never becomes king
Treaty of Troyes
made Henry VIII successor of France
philip vi
messes with trade in flanders, claims leige lord over england- starts 100 years war
Catherine of Siena
persuaded Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome
House of Lancaster
red rose, involved starting henry (iv) bolingbroke
Richard II
son of black prince, during peasant revolt lead by john ball and wat tyler
king charles v
son of john ii, avoided direct confrontation w edward of england and signed treaty of bretigny
War of the Roses
struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII
Council of Constance
the council in 1414-1418 that succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church
Unam Sanctum
Document written by Pope Boniface that states ultimate authority over the church and people's salvation
Richard III
Duke of Gloucester who overthrows edward V and his brother, his brother was edward iv
Henry V
English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval), fought during battle of agincourt
Joan of Arc
French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII (dauhpin) crowned king
Duke of Burgundy
Frequently switched sides to the winning side in 100 Years War, works with henry v
Bosworth
Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of _______ in 1485
Boniface III
Humiliated by Philip IV after taxation and embargo and claimed supremacy in Unam Sanctum
House of Tudor
Its first monarch was Henry VII, a descendant through his mother of a legitimized branch of the English royal House of Lancaster. The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the Wars of the Roses, which left the House of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extinct.
Phillip IV
King of France who argued with the pope w taxation and embargo. He kidnapped Pope Boniface after he said that "All kings must obey the Pope." leads to unam sanctum
Margaret of Anjou
Married to Henry VI, Is challenged by Richard duke of York, who is killed but his son Edward defeats Margaret and is crowned Edward IV.
Edward III
1338 declared himself rightful heir to French throne, started Hundred Years War, black prince is son
Treaty of brétigny
1359, The terms of the treaty were: French paid ransom, English regained Aquitaine and other territories, King Edward renounced claims to French throne
Clement V
Moved the Papacy to Avignon under Philip IV
Flagellants
People who whipped themselves to cleanse their sin--they thought Plague was God's punishment for sins.
Hundred years War
Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.
Battle of Sluys
The first battle in the Hundred Years War. Was a naval battle. This battle was near Flanders. Was a primary target for France as this would be a landing place for an English Invasion. English use longbows to pick off soldiers at long range, allowing them to slaughter their numbers. British Win and secure communication across channel