Hundred Years War, Black Death War of the Roses

Great Schism

(1378-1417) Split that occurred in the Catholic Church with two Popes, one in Avignon, France and the other in Rome, Italy. The Schism caused many to question the Church's authority.

Council of Pisa

500 bishops met and got rid of the two Popes and elects Alexander V the new Pope, but none of the popes step down

Black Death

An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. (p. 397) A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

Battle of Crecy

Battle between Edward III and Phillip VI in Normand. English outnumbered 2 to 1 but still won using longbows

Second Babylonian Captivity

The period of time that reflects when the Pope was housed in Avignon, not Rome.

Babylonian Captivity

The period when all popes were French and resided in Avignon, France, starting with Clement V. This angered Italians and led to the Great Schism.

Burgundy

This region produces world-famous red wines, prosperous duchy that made up a large part of the land of France

Battle of Orleans

Turning point of the Hundred Years War in which Joan of Arc rallied the French troops to allow them to win the battle

Avignon

Where the Pope stayed in France for 69 years after the Great Schism

House of York

White Rose, involved starting with Richard II

Flanders

a region that included parts of present day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands; was an important industrial and financial center of northern Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Henry IV

also known as henry bolingbroke, the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413

Henry VI

baby king, mentally ill, begins battle of the roses w richard duke of york as king protector

Battle of Agincourt

battle where Henry V led the English to victory with a speech, even though they were outnumbered

Plantagenet Flag

both red lion and blue french flower

Genoa

control luxury trade, dominated northern route to asia

Flag of the Kingdom of France

fleur de lis

john ii

french king taken hostage by black prince during battle of poitiers

jacquerie

french peasant revolts as a result of black death

Henry VII

henry tudor, wins battle of bosworth

Battle of Poitiers

led by Black prince; 7,000 English troops with longbow, 15,000 french troops with crossbow, french forced to retreat, english capture french king, too embarrassed to ransom him, help captive until death 8 years later

Richard Duke of York

lord protector of henry vi, never becomes king

Treaty of Troyes

made Henry VIII successor of France

philip vi

messes with trade in flanders, claims leige lord over england- starts 100 years war

Catherine of Siena

persuaded Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome

House of Lancaster

red rose, involved starting henry (iv) bolingbroke

Richard II

son of black prince, during peasant revolt lead by john ball and wat tyler

king charles v

son of john ii, avoided direct confrontation w edward of england and signed treaty of bretigny

War of the Roses

struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII

Council of Constance

the council in 1414-1418 that succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church

Unam Sanctum

Document written by Pope Boniface that states ultimate authority over the church and people's salvation

Richard III

Duke of Gloucester who overthrows edward V and his brother, his brother was edward iv

Henry V

English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval), fought during battle of agincourt

Joan of Arc

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII (dauhpin) crowned king

Duke of Burgundy

Frequently switched sides to the winning side in 100 Years War, works with henry v

Bosworth

Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of _______ in 1485

Boniface III

Humiliated by Philip IV after taxation and embargo and claimed supremacy in Unam Sanctum

House of Tudor

Its first monarch was Henry VII, a descendant through his mother of a legitimized branch of the English royal House of Lancaster. The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the Wars of the Roses, which left the House of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extinct.

Phillip IV

King of France who argued with the pope w taxation and embargo. He kidnapped Pope Boniface after he said that "All kings must obey the Pope." leads to unam sanctum

Margaret of Anjou

Married to Henry VI, Is challenged by Richard duke of York, who is killed but his son Edward defeats Margaret and is crowned Edward IV.

Edward III

1338 declared himself rightful heir to French throne, started Hundred Years War, black prince is son

Treaty of brétigny

1359, The terms of the treaty were: French paid ransom, English regained Aquitaine and other territories, King Edward renounced claims to French throne

Clement V

Moved the Papacy to Avignon under Philip IV

Flagellants

People who whipped themselves to cleanse their sin--they thought Plague was God's punishment for sins.

Hundred years War

Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.

Battle of Sluys

The first battle in the Hundred Years War. Was a naval battle. This battle was near Flanders. Was a primary target for France as this would be a landing place for an English Invasion. English use longbows to pick off soldiers at long range, allowing them to slaughter their numbers. British Win and secure communication across channel