HW 20

Which of the following are the characteristics a microorganism must have to be a successful pathogen? Attach to or penetrate specific cells and/or tissues in the host. Be transmitted by direct physical contact between the infected person and the person who will become the new host. Withstand the host's defense mechanisms for a period of time. Be transmitted by vectors such as mosquitos Induce damage to, or cause in, the host's tissues. Survive passage from one host (or a reservoir) to a new host

Attach to or penetrate specific cells and/or tissues in the host. Withstand the host's defense mechanisms for a period of time. Induce damage to, or cause in, the host's tissues. Survive passage from one host (or a reservoir) to a new host

What is the main reason that scientists use Koch's postulates?

To demonstrate that a certain disease is caused by a microorganism.

True or false: One difference between acute diseases and chronic diseases is that acute disease are caused by pathogens, while chronic diseases are caused by genetic factors.

false

True or false: Viruses use adhesins (special cell-surface components or appendages) to attach to host cells.

false

If you are infected with an organism is highly virulent, it means that ______

its likely to make you very ill

A pathogen is a microorganism that __________.

may cause disease

True or false: Endotoxins are less potent than exotoxins.

true

True or false: Having certain microorganisms living in your body is important to keep you healthy.

true

Which of the following is true about primary pathogens? (Check all that apply). They only cause acute diseases; they cannot cause chronic diseases. Examples of primary pathogens include both bacteria and viruses. They can cause disease in normal, healthy individuals. They can only cause disease in immunocompromised individuals

Examples of primary pathogens include both bacteria and viruses. They can cause disease in normal, healthy individuals.

Epidemiology is the method used to find the cause of a disease in populations. Who of the following is considered one of the fathers of epidemiology?

John Snow

Which of the following are TRUE about routes of transmission? Respiratory pathogens (pathogens living in lungs) can leave the body by coughing, sneezing, or by a runny nose. Pathogens are always transmitted directly from one infected individual to another individual. Zoonosis refers to when pathogens are spread from one animal to another. Airborne transmission of pathogens involve these pathogens can travel in tiny droplets or on dust particles. Some kinds of pathogens are transmitted by pathogens can be transmitted through sexual contact. Blood-borne pathogens are always trasmitted by sexual or other direct contact between two individuals People can get infected with pathogens from water or food that is contaminated.

Respiratory pathogens (pathogens living in lungs) can leave the body by coughing, sneezing, or by a runny nose. Airborne transmission of pathogens involve these pathogens can travel in tiny droplets or on dust particles. Some kinds of pathogens are transmitted by pathogens can be transmitted through sexual contact. People can get infected with pathogens from water or food that is contaminated.

Which of the following are true about the way that bacteria avoid being eliminated by the immune system? Some bacteria cover the surface of the bacterial cell so that the phagocytes (and antibodies) can't recognize them. Most bacteria live inside individual cells, and can be transmitted directly from one cell to the next Some bacteria make special proteins to kill the phagocytes. Most bacteria are constantly changing the proteins on their outside layer so that they phagocytes can't recognize them. Many bacteria have substances on their surface that block their engulfment by the phagocytes.

Some bacteria cover the surface of the bacterial cell so that the phagocytes (and antibodies) can't recognize them. Some bacteria make special proteins to kill the phagocytes. Many bacteria have substances on their surface that block their engulfment by the phagocytes.