HW Ch 14 & 15

Fluoride

Mottling of teeth

Iron

Nausea, diarrhea, and potential death

alteration of cellular DNA

1

Zinc

Decreases copper absorption

High-sodium food

Deli meat Canned soup Cheese

Increases calcium absorption

Eating vitamin D-enriched foods Pregnancy Having a healthy GI tract through which digestive contents can easily flow

Iodine

Excessive intake of this mineral can inhibit thyroid gland function.

Zinc

Inadequate intake of this mineral can lead to poor growth and sexual immaturity.

Fluoride

Inadequate intake of this mineral leads to dental caries.

Vitamin D

Increases calcium absorption

Vitamin C

Increases iron absorption

uncontrolled growth and tumor development

3

Water helps remove waste products

After drinking alcohol, your urine turns dark yellow; this is an indication that you may be dehydrated.

Increased ____________

(4) blood pressure

Chromium

No toxicity observed

Increase iron absorption

blood loss pregnancy anemia vitamin C intake

Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than are minerals from plant products because the ____________ inhibit absorption.

components of fiber

It is ____________ absorbed.

efficiently

Low-fat or fat-free dairy products are part of the DASH diet and adherents should aim to get ____________ servings of these foods per day.

2-3

A chloride deficiency is ____________ .

generally unlikely

Typical food sources are dairy products, bakery products, and ____________ .

meats

Deficiencies are ____________ .

rare

Almost all the chloride in the diet is from ____________ .

table salt

____________ hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland.

(2) Antidiuretic

Salt substitutes usually contain ____________ .

potassium chloride

cells travel to other sites and form more tumors

4

Low-sodium food

Brown rice Pears Asparagus

antioxidant that participates in connective tissue function

Copper

component of thyroid hormone

Iodine

Iron

This is the only mineral which the RDA is greater for women than it is for men.

Spinach contains a good amount of calcium, but the ____________ in spinach binds calcium, reducing its ____________ .

oxalic acid bioavailability

Decrease iron absorption

phytic acid in the diet oxalic acid in the diet polyphenols in tea, coffee, and other beverages excessive intake of zinc, manganese, and calcium

Chloride also is found in ____________ , olives, rye, lettuce, a few fruits, and some vegetables.

seaweed

The Upper Level for chloride parallels the Upper Level for ____________ .

sodium

Dietary chloride may contribute to the effects of sodium chloride on ____________ blood pressure.

increasing

Enriching grains doesn't restore a grain to its original mineral value; the only mineral added back during enrichment of grain products is ____________ .

iron

Increased ____________ retention by the ____________

(3) water kidney

When the body registers a shortage of available water, it increases fluid conservation in two ways. Put the resulting actions of fluid conservation in order as they occur after the body registers reduced fluid availability.

-The body senses decreases blood volume -Process initiated by pituitary gland: -Release of antidiuretic hormone -Kidneys reduce urine output Process initiated by adrenal glands: -Release of aldosterone -Kidneys retain more sodium and water

Foods contain varying amounts of water. Put the foods in order from lowest (1) to highest (4) water content.

1. Butter 2. Steak 3. Banana 4. Tomato

Chloride is a component of the ____________ produced in the stomach.

HCl

Iodine

Inhibition of thyroid gland function

Manganese

Nervous system disorders

Phosphorus is a part of ____________ and other key metabolic compounds.

ATP

enhances insuline action

Chromium

cofactor for glutathione peroxidase

Selenium

component of hemoglobin

Iron

For non-meat protein sources, the DASH diet recommends 4-5 servings of nuts, seeds, or legumes per ____________ .

week

May promote cancer

increased fat intake low fiber intake increased calorie intake

Associated with lower blood pressure

Calcium Magnesium Fiber

In the brain, the ____________ receives signals of increased blood ____________ (concentration) from various receptors. It responds by stimulating the posterior ____________ gland.

(1) hypothalamus osmolality pituitary

Selenium

This mineral is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase.

Decreases calcium absorption

Being over 70 years old Having a high-fiber diet rich in phytic acid Oxalic acid in spinach

Phosphorus is part of cell membranes and ____________ .

bone

The effects of dehydration can range from thirst to death. Put the effects of dehydration in order from initial and least severe symptoms (1) to advanced and most severe symptoms (6).

1. The body experiences thirst 2. Reduced movement and apathy 3. Tingling in arms, headache, heat exhaustion 4. Muscle cramps and general incapacity 5. Low blood volume 6. Failing kidney function

increased cell division

2

Each day, someone following the DASH diet should aim for ____________ servings of fruit and the same number of servings of vegetables.

4-5

The DASH diet recommends that followers eat ____________ servings of grain products per day, with most of those coming from whole grains.

6-8

Water helps form lubricants and provides protection in various parts of the body

A pregnant woman's fetus is protected by amniotic fluid within the uterus.

Water is part of intracellular and extracellular fluid

During pregnancy, the elevated volume of blood causes water to shift out of the bloodstream and into cells, causing edema.

Water contributes to body temperature regulation

Exercising in a hot climate causes your body to overheat and then work to cool the skin by pushing perspiration out through skin pores.

mineralization of bones and teeth

Fluoride

Associated with high blood pressure

Obesity Low-potassium diets High-sodium diets

Copper

This mineral is transported in the blood attached to ceruloplasmin.

May prevent cancer

adequate selenium intake adequate vitamin E intake adequate vitamin D intake adequate calcium intake

Chloride helps maintain acid-base balance and dispose of ____________ by way of exhaled air.

carbon dioxide

The chloride ion should not be confused with the element ____________ .

chlorine

Calcium-rich foods and supplements ____________ bone turnover, ____________ bone density, and reduce the risk of ____________ .

decrease increase fractures

Food processing can also affect a food's mineral content: refining a grain ____________ the mineral content of the food.

decreases