HW Ch 14 & 15
Fluoride
Mottling of teeth
Iron
Nausea, diarrhea, and potential death
alteration of cellular DNA
1
Zinc
Decreases copper absorption
High-sodium food
Deli meat Canned soup Cheese
Increases calcium absorption
Eating vitamin D-enriched foods Pregnancy Having a healthy GI tract through which digestive contents can easily flow
Iodine
Excessive intake of this mineral can inhibit thyroid gland function.
Zinc
Inadequate intake of this mineral can lead to poor growth and sexual immaturity.
Fluoride
Inadequate intake of this mineral leads to dental caries.
Vitamin D
Increases calcium absorption
Vitamin C
Increases iron absorption
uncontrolled growth and tumor development
3
Water helps remove waste products
After drinking alcohol, your urine turns dark yellow; this is an indication that you may be dehydrated.
Increased ____________
(4) blood pressure
Chromium
No toxicity observed
Increase iron absorption
blood loss pregnancy anemia vitamin C intake
Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than are minerals from plant products because the ____________ inhibit absorption.
components of fiber
It is ____________ absorbed.
efficiently
Low-fat or fat-free dairy products are part of the DASH diet and adherents should aim to get ____________ servings of these foods per day.
2-3
A chloride deficiency is ____________ .
generally unlikely
Typical food sources are dairy products, bakery products, and ____________ .
meats
Deficiencies are ____________ .
rare
Almost all the chloride in the diet is from ____________ .
table salt
____________ hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland.
(2) Antidiuretic
Salt substitutes usually contain ____________ .
potassium chloride
cells travel to other sites and form more tumors
4
Low-sodium food
Brown rice Pears Asparagus
antioxidant that participates in connective tissue function
Copper
component of thyroid hormone
Iodine
Iron
This is the only mineral which the RDA is greater for women than it is for men.
Spinach contains a good amount of calcium, but the ____________ in spinach binds calcium, reducing its ____________ .
oxalic acid bioavailability
Decrease iron absorption
phytic acid in the diet oxalic acid in the diet polyphenols in tea, coffee, and other beverages excessive intake of zinc, manganese, and calcium
Chloride also is found in ____________ , olives, rye, lettuce, a few fruits, and some vegetables.
seaweed
The Upper Level for chloride parallels the Upper Level for ____________ .
sodium
Dietary chloride may contribute to the effects of sodium chloride on ____________ blood pressure.
increasing
Enriching grains doesn't restore a grain to its original mineral value; the only mineral added back during enrichment of grain products is ____________ .
iron
Increased ____________ retention by the ____________
(3) water kidney
When the body registers a shortage of available water, it increases fluid conservation in two ways. Put the resulting actions of fluid conservation in order as they occur after the body registers reduced fluid availability.
-The body senses decreases blood volume -Process initiated by pituitary gland: -Release of antidiuretic hormone -Kidneys reduce urine output Process initiated by adrenal glands: -Release of aldosterone -Kidneys retain more sodium and water
Foods contain varying amounts of water. Put the foods in order from lowest (1) to highest (4) water content.
1. Butter 2. Steak 3. Banana 4. Tomato
Chloride is a component of the ____________ produced in the stomach.
HCl
Iodine
Inhibition of thyroid gland function
Manganese
Nervous system disorders
Phosphorus is a part of ____________ and other key metabolic compounds.
ATP
enhances insuline action
Chromium
cofactor for glutathione peroxidase
Selenium
component of hemoglobin
Iron
For non-meat protein sources, the DASH diet recommends 4-5 servings of nuts, seeds, or legumes per ____________ .
week
May promote cancer
increased fat intake low fiber intake increased calorie intake
Associated with lower blood pressure
Calcium Magnesium Fiber
In the brain, the ____________ receives signals of increased blood ____________ (concentration) from various receptors. It responds by stimulating the posterior ____________ gland.
(1) hypothalamus osmolality pituitary
Selenium
This mineral is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase.
Decreases calcium absorption
Being over 70 years old Having a high-fiber diet rich in phytic acid Oxalic acid in spinach
Phosphorus is part of cell membranes and ____________ .
bone
The effects of dehydration can range from thirst to death. Put the effects of dehydration in order from initial and least severe symptoms (1) to advanced and most severe symptoms (6).
1. The body experiences thirst 2. Reduced movement and apathy 3. Tingling in arms, headache, heat exhaustion 4. Muscle cramps and general incapacity 5. Low blood volume 6. Failing kidney function
increased cell division
2
Each day, someone following the DASH diet should aim for ____________ servings of fruit and the same number of servings of vegetables.
4-5
The DASH diet recommends that followers eat ____________ servings of grain products per day, with most of those coming from whole grains.
6-8
Water helps form lubricants and provides protection in various parts of the body
A pregnant woman's fetus is protected by amniotic fluid within the uterus.
Water is part of intracellular and extracellular fluid
During pregnancy, the elevated volume of blood causes water to shift out of the bloodstream and into cells, causing edema.
Water contributes to body temperature regulation
Exercising in a hot climate causes your body to overheat and then work to cool the skin by pushing perspiration out through skin pores.
mineralization of bones and teeth
Fluoride
Associated with high blood pressure
Obesity Low-potassium diets High-sodium diets
Copper
This mineral is transported in the blood attached to ceruloplasmin.
May prevent cancer
adequate selenium intake adequate vitamin E intake adequate vitamin D intake adequate calcium intake
Chloride helps maintain acid-base balance and dispose of ____________ by way of exhaled air.
carbon dioxide
The chloride ion should not be confused with the element ____________ .
chlorine
Calcium-rich foods and supplements ____________ bone turnover, ____________ bone density, and reduce the risk of ____________ .
decrease increase fractures
Food processing can also affect a food's mineral content: refining a grain ____________ the mineral content of the food.
decreases