Hypertension

Follow up for a diastolic pressure of 100-109

1 month

What is the recommended follow up for a systolic blood pressure of 160-179?

1 month

Follow up for diastolic pressure of 80-89

1 year

What is the recommended follow up for a systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mm Hg?

1 year

Prehypertension

120-129/80-89. Follow up in 1 year. Encourage lifestyle modifications

For which blood pressure reading would a 1 year follow up visit be recommended?

138/84

Stage 1 hypertension

140-15-/90-99. Follow up in 2 months. Lifestyle modifications, medications

Stage 2 hypertension

160/100 or higher. Follow up in 1 month. If 180/110 or higher, seek treatment immediately, then follow up in one week or as needed. Treatment-2 drug combination

Hypertension emergency

180/120 or higher blood pressure, with risk for organ dysfunction

What is the follow up for a diastolic pressure of 90-99?

2 months

What is the recommended follow up for a systolic pressure of 140-159?

2 months

What is the recommended follow up for a systolic pressure of less than 120?

2 years

In which group of people would the nurse recognize that kidney failure as a complication of hypertension is most likely to develop?

African-Americans

systolic blood pressure

Blood pressure during heart contraction. Top number

At a follow up visit for a patient with hypertension, which data best indicates that the patient's blood pressure therapy has been successful?

Blood pressure is less than 120/80

What instruction should the nurse give to a patient receiving a diuretic?

Change positions slowly

Which instructions would be included in dietary education for a patient with high blood pressure?

Choose fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables, read food labels, watch for potassium in salt substitute

Which would the nurse expect to find in a patient experiencing heart failure from hypertension?

Distended jugular veins in semi-fowler's position

Which does the nurse understand is often the only sign of hypertension?

Elevated blood pressure

Non-modifiable risk factors

Family history of hypertension, age, race and ethnicity, diabetes mellitus

primary hypertension

High blood pressure, the cause of which is unknown; also known as essential hypertension

An 80 year old patient is being given an annual physical exam. The patient reports no medical problems. On assessment, the blood pressure is 190/80. Which action would the nurse take?

Inform the primary care provider

If the systolic pressure is elevated and the diastolic pressure is normal, the nurse recognizes the patient most likely has what type of hypertension?

Isolated systolic hypertension

The patient asks the nurse, "How is hypertension defined?" What is the best response?

It is blood pressure above 140/90 on 2 occassions.

Normal lab values

Magnesium- 1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL Calcium- 8.2 to 10.2 mg/dL Potassium- 3.5 to 5 mEq/L Sodium-135 to 145 mEq/L

Atherosclerosis

Most common form of arteriosclerosis, in which fats are deposited on arterial walls

Normotensive

Normal blood pressure

Signs and symptoms of hypertension

Often there are no symptoms other than elevated blood pressure, which is why hypertension is sometimes referred to as the 'silent killer,'

Which is the most important lifestyle modification for the hypertensive patient who is obese?

Reduce weight

Which information should the nurse include when counseling a patient about smoking and its effect on blood pressure?

Smoking is associated with Stages 1 and 2 hypertension.

The nurse understands that a patient with blood pressure readings of 164/102 and 176/100 on two separate occassions would be classified in which hypertension category?

Stage 2

Which does the nurse understand is a cause of primary hypertension when planning care for a patient with hypertension?

The cause of primary hypertension is unknown.

During a health screening, a patient's blood pressure is confirmed by 2 nurses to be 210/120. Which intervention is recommended?

The patient should rest quietly while the nurse calls 911 and requests an ambulance.

For most patients with hypertension what is the initial drug therapy that is given?

Thiazide diuretics

hypertension

abnormally elevated blood pressure

Primary (Essential) hypertension

chronic elevation of blood pressure from an unknown cause

Complications of hypertension

coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, kidney and eye damage

plaque

deposits of fatty material in the arteries

Blood pressure

determined by cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, blood viscosity, and amount of circulating blood volume. Decreased stretching of blood vessels, increased blood viscosity, increased blood volume may cause an increase in blood pressure

hypertensive urgency

elevated blood pressure of 180/120 with no imminent risk for organ dysfunction

Secondary hypertension

has a known cause. It is a sign of another problem, such as a kidney abnormality

secondary hypertension

high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g. kidney disease)

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a patient. Which is a modifiable risk factor for the development of hypertension?

high cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle

hypertrophy

increased size of left ventricle due to high blood pressure levels

Normal Blood Pressure

less than 120/80

Can constant stress cause hypertension?

no

What is the follow up rule for a diastolic blood pressure of more than 110?

now

What is the recommended follow up for a systolic pressure of 180 or higher?

now

Peripheral vascular resistance

opposition to blood flow through the vessels

Isolated systolic hypertension

systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater and diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or lower

Isolated systolic hypertension

systolic pressure of 140 or greater with diastolic pressure of 90 or less. Occurs mostly in the elderly but can occur at any age. Lifestyle modifications are usually tried first if the systolic elevation is not too severe

cardiac output

the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Diastolic blood pressure

the pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries while the ventricles are at rest. bottom #

There is a link between a high fat diet, obesity, and hypertension

true

modifiable risk factors

weight, salt intake, caffeine intake, balanced potassium and magnesium,balanced calcium, alcohol intake, regular exercise, smoking

Are people who are not active on a regular basis at risk for hypertension?

yes

Inadequate sleep of less than 5 hours is a risk for hypertension

yes