Hypothalamus & Anterior Pituitary / HGH
Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary release:
-FSH -LH -GH
General functions of the anterior pituitary gland are:
-growth -breast milk production -regulation of thyroid function
Functions of Growth hormone:
-promotes bone growth -promotes muscle growth -promotes amino acid uptake by cells
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Beneath the hypothalamus
Corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary secrete
ACTH
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal Cortex is
ACTH
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
ADH
Neurons of the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture:
ADH
What hormone targets the nephron of the kidney?
ADH
Which hormone is inhibited by alcohol?
ADH
The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and an ___ organ.
Endocrine
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
FSH
T or F: Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary release ADH
False
T or F: GH cause fat accumulation within adipocytes
False
T or F: Labor and delivery is a function of the anterior pituitary gland
False
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
GH
Excess secretion of GH during EARLY development will cause
Gigantism
Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
Gonadotropins
Which pituitary hormone stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis?
Growth hormone
Regulatory factors formed in the hypothalamus that control secretions of anterior pituitary are released into the
Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal blood vessels
The release of hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland are controlled by the ____.
Hypothalamus
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
IGF - 1s
The hormones of the posterior pituitary enter the lord stream via the
Inferior hypophyseal artery
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
LH
Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?
Loss of ADH secretion
Neurons of the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
Oxytocin
The two hormones produced by the cell bodies of the secretory neurons for the posterior pituitary gland are:
Oxytocin and ADH
The posterior lobe of the pituitary glad is not a true endocrine gland because
Posterior pituitary is a collection of nerve axons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus
The hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk is the:
Prolactin
General functions of the posterior gland hormones include:
Regulation of intravascular volume
They hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
Secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system
GH is secreted by cells known as
Somatotrophs
The basic function of oxytocin is to:
Stimulate contraction of smooth muscle during birth and breast feeding
TSH plays a key role in the ___ of thyroid hormones
Synthesis and release
The primary function of ADH is to
Decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
The hypothalamus controls secretion of the posterior pituitary by
Direct neural stimulation
If there is an underfunction of the anterior pituitary gland, which condition could result?
Dwarfism
Targets for the hormone oxytocin include:
The uterus and mammary glands
T or F: FSH is a gonadotropic hormone.
True