Hypothalamus & Anterior Pituitary / HGH

Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary release:

-FSH -LH -GH

General functions of the anterior pituitary gland are:

-growth -breast milk production -regulation of thyroid function

Functions of Growth hormone:

-promotes bone growth -promotes muscle growth -promotes amino acid uptake by cells

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Beneath the hypothalamus

Corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary secrete

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal Cortex is

ACTH

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

ADH

Neurons of the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture:

ADH

What hormone targets the nephron of the kidney?

ADH

Which hormone is inhibited by alcohol?

ADH

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and an ___ organ.

Endocrine

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

T or F: Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary release ADH

False

T or F: GH cause fat accumulation within adipocytes

False

T or F: Labor and delivery is a function of the anterior pituitary gland

False

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

GH

Excess secretion of GH during EARLY development will cause

Gigantism

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

Gonadotropins

Which pituitary hormone stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis?

Growth hormone

Regulatory factors formed in the hypothalamus that control secretions of anterior pituitary are released into the

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal blood vessels

The release of hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland are controlled by the ____.

Hypothalamus

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

IGF - 1s

The hormones of the posterior pituitary enter the lord stream via the

Inferior hypophyseal artery

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

LH

Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?

Loss of ADH secretion

Neurons of the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

Oxytocin

The two hormones produced by the cell bodies of the secretory neurons for the posterior pituitary gland are:

Oxytocin and ADH

The posterior lobe of the pituitary glad is not a true endocrine gland because

Posterior pituitary is a collection of nerve axons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus

The hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk is the:

Prolactin

General functions of the posterior gland hormones include:

Regulation of intravascular volume

They hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

Secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

GH is secreted by cells known as

Somatotrophs

The basic function of oxytocin is to:

Stimulate contraction of smooth muscle during birth and breast feeding

TSH plays a key role in the ___ of thyroid hormones

Synthesis and release

The primary function of ADH is to

Decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

The hypothalamus controls secretion of the posterior pituitary by

Direct neural stimulation

If there is an underfunction of the anterior pituitary gland, which condition could result?

Dwarfism

Targets for the hormone oxytocin include:

The uterus and mammary glands

T or F: FSH is a gonadotropic hormone.

True