I - 1.14.22. ENT: Ear-Nose

Cholesteatoma visual

-note: oval window 25x smaller than ear drum. Which explain 25 decibel addition of sound transmission via TM

Chronic Otitis Externa

- Bacteria hiding under all that

DNS and a Spur visual

- Big bony spur there on the right

Otitis Externa. in general, ear hurts where w/ pressure? visual

- Inner part of ear canal hurts (in general) when pressure is placed d/t bone being right there

Nasal Polyps visual

- Left image: septum on right side. 1 o clock is superior turbinate.

Otitis Externa mild vs severe w/ cellulitis info

- Neosporin would help. Does not irritate the skin

Serous OM

- Sometimes does not drain

Normal Eardrum - Cloudy visual info

- TM normally amplifies sound by 25 decibels

Eczematoid OE characterized by _____ skin involves what structures? - tx? diabetes - results from? malignant OE - common? spreads? stress?

-(diabetes) Control sugars as you are treating it then it would help. If sugars are rampant, may not be good

TM Infections acute vs chronic - tx? most common in what pts? painful? febrile? ear tubes? ETD?

-Abx will treat infection but may still have the fluid. Can also get reinfected. These people need more time to clear it. -Must also treat the fluid if it is not going away > possible ear tube to allow drainage / prevent buildup of fluid -ETD = Eustachian tube dysfunction

Allergies caused by? need to block what? medications vs barriers allergic fungal sinusitis?

-Allergy shots take about ~2 years to become non-reactive to the allergens -Prevention is key, especially when doing allergy shots. Close bedroom windows, dust mite covers, air filters, no pets in bedroom, etc.

Audiograms normal vs mild, moderate, severe, profound

-Circles are right here. X is left ear -Down-scoping sensorineural hearing loss. Typical pattern for a grandparent ? -Male voices lower frequency -Female voices higher frequency

PD info

-Differential diagnoses > pertinent negatives to rule these out. Then physical exam -If different tx not working, it is probably a different diagnosis

Cholesteatoma visual

-Ear translucent one displaced by cholesteatoma

Chronic OM can lead to? (2) chronic _____ (2) check for ______itis - retraction of the ____ can lead to what? - sgx? purpose of this?

-Expands > can put pressure on bones

Otalgia •What are some of the different causes of otalgia? - primary vs referred?

-HZO = herpez zoster oticus

Middle Ear Tympanic Membrane Otitis Media (4 kinds) Perforations •Take anywhere for _____ wks to heal •Always treat ______ first then it should heal Barotrauma = ? - causes?

-Magnification from otoscope 4x larger. Perforation is actually smaller than appears -Bigger perf can take as long as 3 months, but more rare.

Normal Eardrum visual info

-Perf inferior may not be that serious. Perf near the ossicles can be very serious.

Nasal Symptoms sinusitis vs rhinitis?

-Rhinitis also d/t allergies

Acute Otitis Media - Diagram

-Sound transmission can be blocked d/t all that fluid buildup deep to TM -Ear tube could help -Ear tubes are tiny, hollow cylinders that are surgically inserted into the eardrum. This opening enables drainage of the middle ear, allows air to flow into the middle ear and prevents the buildup of fluids behind the eardrum. An ear tube is usually made of metal or plastic

Ear Tube. can help w/ what? visual

-Tube can help with that drainage -Drops for infections

Inner Ear cochlea vs vestibular center - damage? sxs?

-Vertigo = actual spinning sensation. Like a hangover or when drunk and laying in bed. World is spinning around you. Spin on a bat then stop, that is vertigo

Extensive Nasal Polyps visual

-left: middle turbinate hidden by polyps -Right: huge blockage -MS = maxillary sinus

rhinitis tx? for allergic vs vasomotor

Avoid extremes if possible (weather/temperature) for vasomotor

BPPV = ? - sxs? characteristics? - unilateral/bilateral? - pathology? - tx?

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Meniere's Disease - sxs? unilateral/bilateral? HL? others? - characteristics? - associated w/ what? - tx?

Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that can lead to dizzy spells (vertigo) and hearing loss. In most cases, Meniere's disease affects only one ear. Meniere's disease can occur at any age, but it usually starts between young and middle-aged adulthood

Hearing Loss. unilateral vs bilateral for below •Most of the time it is ______-onset noise induced? family hx or nah? age related? trauma?

Presbycusis is a complex and multifactorial disorder characterized by symmetrical progressive loss of hearing over many years. It usually affects the high frequencies of hearing, although its presentation and clinical course can be variable