i gi study q's

23) Compared to Earth's atmosphere, the Martian atmosphere has surface pressures that are ________. 23) _____ A) 0.1 times those on Earth B) 50 times those on Earth C) 32.1 times those on Earth D) 1.5 times those on Earth

A) 0.1 times those on Earth

10) What was the name of the manned space missions that have successfully landed on the surface of the moon? 10) _____ A) Apollo B) Sputnik C) Mercury D) Gemini

A) Apollo

28) Which country has the greatest installed capacity of wind turbines worldwide, creating more than 114,000 megawatts of electricity in 2014? 28) _____ A) China B) Germany C) United StatesD) Australia

A) China

26) Which form of renewable energy is produced by power plants in Iceland, accounting for 66% of Iceland's primary energy use? 26) _____ A) Geothermal power B) Hydroelectric power C) Solar power D) Tidal energy

A) Geothermal power

6) Which of the following regions is not one of the top coal-producing states in the United States? 6) _____ A) Idaho B) West Virginia C) Pennsylvania D) Wyoming

A) Idaho

5) What substance makes up the core of large Jovian planets like Saturn? 5) _____ A) Iron B) Mercury C) Hydrogen D) Ice

A) Iron

15) Which of the following would be a good reservoir rock for oil and natural gas? 15) _____ A) Sandstone B) Slate C) Shale D) Granite

A) Sandstone

13) The Canadian province of Alberta has the world's largest commercially developed deposit of which fossil fuel? 13) _____ A) Tar sands B) Natural gas C) Anthracite coal D) Petroleum

A) Tar sands

21) Which planet displays retrograde rotation? 21) _____ A) Venus B) Saturn C) Neptune D) Mars

A) Venus

24) Due to its potential groundwater contamination and induced seismicity, ________ remains controversial and is the subject of much research. 24) _____ A) hydraulic fracturing B) oil sands C) salt domes D) fault traps

A) hydraulic fracturing

31) The reason Jupiter has so many moons around it is that ________. 31) _____ A) many bodies were either captured by Jupiter's gravity or were the remnants of collisions with other bodies B) the moons are an asteroid field from a planet that failed to form C) the moons are the result of massive volcanic eruptions on the planet D) these small moons are in the process of accreting to become one larger moon

A) many bodies were either captured by Jupiter's gravity or were the remnants of collisions with other bodies

18) The most common type of gas hydrate is ________. 18) _____ A) methane hydrate B) copper hydrate C) oxygen hydrate D) iron hydrate

A) methane hydrate

2) The ________ explains the formation of the Solar System by describing how the sun and planets formed from a rotating cloud of interstellar gases. 2) _____ A) nebular theory B) transit of Venus C) theory of plate tectonics D) escape velocity

A) nebular theory

27) Photovoltaic cells are used to generate ________ energy. 27) _____ A) solarB) hydroelectric C) nuclear D) tidal

A) solar

15) Because of the low relative mass, the gravitational attraction on the moon is ________ that of the Earth. 15) _____ A) 1/2 B) 1/6 C) 1/4 D) 1/8

B) 1/6

12) What is the age of the moon?12) _____ A) 5.025 million years B) 4.5 billion years C) 4.527 million years D) 3.14 million years

B) 4.5 billion years

5) Which of the following is not a fossil fuel? 5) _____ A) Coal B) Bauxite C) Petroleum D) Natural gas

B) Bauxite

28) What gas makes up 97% of Venus's atmosphere? 28) _____ A) Hydrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Methane D) Helium

B) Carbon dioxide

9) Mercury is very hot on one side and very cold on the other side. Why might that be the case? 9) _____ A) Thick atmosphere B) Long rotation cycle C) Short revolution cycle D) Proximity to Saturn

B) Long rotation cycle

19) The planet Mercury absorbs most of the sunlight that strikes its surface. Why is so little reflected back to outer space? 19) _____ A) The planet is covered by a thick haze. B) Mercury has little or no atmosphere. C) The surface of Mercury has not been disturbed by meteorite impacts. D) Mercury has a great deal of frozen methane on its surface.

B) Mercury has little or no atmosphere.

31) ________ collection and ________ collection are used to harness solar energy for consumption. 31) _____ A) Aquatic; filtration B) Passive; active C) Human; mechanical D) Magnetic; hydraulic

B) Passive; active

1) ________ is the study of the formation and evolution of the bodies in our Solar System. 1) _____ A) Astrology B) Planetary Geology C) Cosmology D) Astronomy

B) Planetary Geology

20) Only a few thousand impact craters have been identified on Venus's surface, even though it, too, would have experienced the same heavy bombardment period that affected Mercury and the moon. Why does Venus appear relatively unscathed? 20) _____ A) The gravitational forces of Mercury deflected the meteorites. B) Venus's surface was reshaped by extensive volcanism. C) Extensive stream networks buried the impact sites with sediments. D) Venus was not impacted.

B) Venus's surface was reshaped by extensive volcanism.

17) Which of the following is not a concern related to the practice of hydraulic fracturing or fracking? 17) _____ A) The reservoir rock may have low permeability. B) Waste injection fluids are held on the surface in open reservoirs. C) Fracking fluids may contaminate groundwater. D) Injection of fracking fluids may trigger small earthquakes.

B) Waste injection fluids are held on the surface in open reservoirs.

9) Approximately 91% of the coal use in the United States today is used for ________. 9) _____ A) construction B) electricity C) transportation D) home heating

B) electricity

8) Together, ________, ________, and ________ provide more than 81% of the energy consumed in the United States. 8) _____ A) natural gas; wind power; biofuel B) oil; coal; natural gas C) coal; nuclear power; wind energy D) uranium; hydroelectricity; coal

B) oil; coal; natural gas

1) A ________ is an economically important material that can be replenished over a short time span to be used again. A) fossil Fuel B) renewable resource C) raw material D) nonrenewable resource

B) renewable resource

4) Utah's ________ Copper mine is 4 km wide and nearly 900 m deep. 4) _____ A) ZionB) Cheyenne C) Bingham D) Ogden

C) Bingham

36) Which of the following minerals does not form as a result of magmatic segregation? 36) _____ A) Quartz B) Feldspar C) Calcite D) Beryl

C) Calcite

36) Which scientist first observed the rings of Saturn in 1610? 36) _____ A) Isaac Newton B) Johannes Kepler C) Galileo Galilei D) Christian Huygens

C) Galileo Galilei

33) The most volcanically active body in the Solar System is ________. 33) _____ A) Mars B) Ganymede C) Io D) Earth

C) Io

35) How concentrated must a metal be in order to be considered an ore? 35) _____ A) 0.00000068% of the crust B) 8.1% of the crust C) It depends on economy and technology. D) If there is any metal present in a rock, it can be mined.

C) It depends on economy and technology.

29) The first country to generate electricity geothermally was ________ in 1904. 29) _____ A) Mexico City B) Japan C) Italy D) New Zealand

C) Italy

14) In what environment will the plant and animal remains necessary to generate oil accumulate? 14) _____ A) Desert B) Swamp C) Ocean D) Stream

C) Ocean

24) The largest shield volcano in the Solar System is ________ and is located on ________. 24) _____ A) Mauna Kea; Earth B) Sif Mons; Venus C) Olympus Mons; Mars D) Maat Mons; Venus

C) Olympus Mons; Mars

16) Which of the following would be a good cap rock for oil and natural gas deposits? 16) _____ A) Sandstone B) Conglomerate C) Shale D) Limestone

C) Shale

25) Where is the world's largest tidal electricity power plant? 25) _____ A) The California coast north of San Francisco B) Murmansk, Russia C) The mouth of the Rance River in Brittany, France D) Annapolis River estuary, Maryland

C) The mouth of the Rance River in Brittany, France

30) Which of the materials below is an example of biomass fuel? 30) _____ A) Oil B) Uranium C) Wood D) Hot water

C) Wood

11) Which U.S. state was the nation's leader in coal production as of 2014? 11) _____ A) West Virginia B) Texas C) Wyoming D) Pennsylvania

C) Wyoming

12) Some of the largest crude oil reserves in the world, collected in an anticline trap, are found ________. 12) _____ A) in the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico B) on the continental slope in the North Sea C) in Saudi Arabia D) on land in Texas

C) in Saudi Arabia

17) The moon's light-colored areas resemble Earth's continents, so the first observers dubbed them terrae (Latin for "lands"). These areas are now called ________. 17) _____ A) regolith B) terra firma C) lunar highlands D) maria

C) lunar highlands

2) A ________ is an economically important material that cannot be replenished in a reasonable time frame, so once it has been consumed, there will not be any more. A) plastic B) renewable resource C) nonrenewable resource D) recycled material

C) nonrenewable resource

43) What is the definition of a placer deposit? 43) _____ A) Concentration of minor amounts of metals in soil via weathering B) Metallic deposit near the base of a black smoker due to precipitation C) Emplacement of hydrothermal fluids into a fracture D) Sorting of particles by a water current according to a material's specific gravity

D) Sorting of particles by a water current according to a material's specific gravity

35) ________ is a moon of Saturn. 35) _____ A) Io B) Europa C) Ganymede D) Tethys

D) Tethys

20) What radioactive material is the main fuel used to produce nuclear energy? 20) _____ A) Uranium-238 B) Thorium-232 C) Lead-207 D) Uranium-235

D) Uranium-235

22) Because of an extreme ________, surface temperatures on Venus average more than 450°C. 22) _____ A) friction B) volcanic eruption C) impact D) greenhouse effect

D) greenhouse effect

16) Today, erosion on the moon is dominated by ________, which helps to smooth the landscape. 16) _____ A) water B) ice C) wind D) micrometeorites

D) micrometeorites

34) The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is ________. 34) _____ A) silicon B) aluminum C) iron D) oxygen

D) oxygen

22) Although rare in Earth's crust, some of the most important deposits of uranium are associated with ________. 22) _____ A) geysers B) lake sediments C) ancient sand dunes D) placer deposits

D) placer deposits

3) An estimated 99.85% of the mass in the Solar System is concentrated in ________. 3) _____ A) the terrestrial planetsB) Jupiter C) the Kuiper Belt D) the sun

D) the sun

11) Which of the following processes created the lunar maria? 11) _____ A) Liquid water flowed across the landscape, which later froze. B) Solar winds eroded wide, shallow basins, which were later filled with ejecta. C) Rocks exposed to the solar winds oxidized. D) Large impact craters were then filled with basaltic lava flows.

D) Large impact craters were then filled with basaltic lava flows.

10) Which of the following fossils fuels is the "cleanest" for the environment in the sense that it is most likely to have the lowest sulfur content and the smallest volume of solid ash residue? 10) _____ A) Lignite B) Heavy, asphaltic crude oil C) Anthracite coal D) Natural gas

D) Natural gas

21) Which process releases energy from radioactive materials to produce nuclear power? 21) _____ A) Nuclear fusion B) Nuclear bombardment C) Gasification D) Nuclear fission

D) Nuclear fission

4) What is a planetesimal? 4) _____ A) A rotating cloud of interstellar gases B) A celestial body that orbits the sun but cannot clear its own neighborhood C) The core of a star that has gone through a nova D) Rocky material accreted through repeated collisions

D) Rocky material accreted through repeated collisions

37) Which two satellites are the only ones in the Solar System known to have substantial atmosphere? 37) _____ A) Jupiter's moon Io and Earth's moon B) Neptune's moon Triton and Jupiter's moon Io C) Uranus's moon Miranda and Saturn's moon Rhea D) Saturn's moon Titan and Neptune's moon Triton

D) Saturn's moon Titan and Neptune's moon Triton

8) Orbital periods of Jovian planets range from ________ to ________ years. 8) _____ A) 6; 44 B) 38; 627 C) 27; 318 D) 12; 165

D) 12; 165

3) In their lifetimes, an American will use approximately ________ pounds of phosphate rock. A) 400 B) 10 C) 800 D) 20,000

D) 20,000

14) The major bombardment period that shaped much of the surface of the moon ended ________. 14) _____ A) 5.0 billion years ago B) 2.2 billion years ago C) 767 million years agoD) 3.8 billion years ago

D) 3.8 billion years ago

6) How many planets are in our Solar System? 6) _____ A) 5 B) 10 C) 13 D) 8

D) 8

13) What kinds of rocks were most commonly retrieved from the lunar highlands? 13) _____ A) Frozen hydrogen B) Flood basalts C) Granite D) Anorthosite

D) Anorthosite

32) What process produces the alternating dark-colored belts and light-colored zones visible on Jupiter? 32) _____ A) Dust storms on the surface B) Volcanic eruptions along tectonic boundaries C) Acid rain D) Convective flow

D) Convective flow

25) Which of the following best describes the process that resulted in the Valles Marineris on Mars? 25) _____ A) A violent volcanic eruption blasted out a long caldera. B) A comet skimmed across the surface of the planet. C) Stream erosion carved a deep central valley. D) Down-faulting created graben-like valleys.

D) Down-faulting created graben-like valleys.

27) Which of the following physical features are found on both Mars and Earth? 27) _____ A) Oceans with liquid water B) Heavily cratered landscape preserved from early planetary histories C) Active volcanoes D) Erosional features related to flowing water

D) Erosional features related to flowing water

7) ________ is the speed required for an object to escape a planet's gravitational force. 7) _____ A) Terminal velocity B) Obliquity C) Impact weathering D) Escape velocity

D) Escape velocity

34) Outside of Earth, which body in the Solar System is likely to have liquid water beneath its icy surface? 34) _____ A) Neptune B) Rhea C) MarsD) Europa

D) Europa

23) The nuclear power plant in ________, Japan, suffered a catastrophic nuclear accident in 2011, consisting of a series of equipment failures, nuclear meltdowns, and releases of radioactive material. 23) _____ A) Mount St. Helens B) Manilla C) Chernobyl D) Fukushima

D) Fukushima

26) Which of the following physical features has not yet been found on Mars? 26) _____ A) Extinct volcanoes B) Sand dunes C) Polar ice caps D) H2O-rich atmosphere

D) H2O-rich atmosphere

30) Which planet has the most moons in orbit around it? 30) _____ A) Saturn B) Uranus C) Neptune D) Jupiter

D) Jupiter

7) How does the burning of fossil fuels affect the environment? A) Greenhouse gases are released that raise global temperatures. B) Particulates are released into the atmosphere, which collect on ice caps and glaciers to absorb more heat. C) Sulfur dioxide is produced, which contributes to acid rain. D) Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. E) All of the above

E) All of the above