IBA 350

When an individual goes through a process of becoming acclimated to a different​ culture, it is called​ ________. A. adaptation B. culturalism C. individualism D. socialization E. acculturation

E. acculturation

One of the most noteworthy influences on globalization has been​ ________. A. industrial​ growth, financial​ expansion, and innovation B. financial markets integrating on a global scale C. a global decrease in barriers to trade D. market liberalization and the implementation of free markets Your answer is not correct. E. advances in​ technology, including​ communications, data, and engineering

E. advances in​ technology, including​ communications, data, and engineering

When a company transfers its​ value-chain activities by launching a subsidiary in a foreign​ country, it is called​ ________. A. contagion B. reshoring C. exporting D. relaunching E. offshoring

E. offshoring

In​ 2017, which region had the smallest proportion of Internet​ users? A. North America B. Europe C. Latin America D. The Middle East E. Africa

E. Africa

Which phase of globalization is composed of the growth and supremacy of multinational enterprises in the industrial and agricultural​ industries? A. Fifth phase B. First phase C. Fourth phase D. Third phase E. Second phase

E. Second phase

Which principle or theory advocates that a country should produce only the goods that use the least amount of​ resources? A. Absolute advantage principle B. International product life cycle theory C. Factor proportions theory D. New trade theory E. Comparative advantage principle

A. Absolute advantage principle

Right after Natasha graduated​ college, she developed a software program that would allow women from all over the world to create a marketplace focused on selling​ new, handmade​ clothing, sharing fashion​ advice, and creating a place where women could donate their gently used clothing to women in developing parts of the world. This type of business would be considered which of the​ following? A. Born global B. ​Pre-export C. Committed involvement D. Domestic focused E. Active involvement

A. Born global

​Consumers' daily​ lives, partialities toward​ products, and spending habits all over the world are becoming increasingly similar. Popular brands now have global​ followings, and materials are becoming more standardized. This represents which dimension of​ globalization? A. Convergence of customer preferences and standards B. Progression of international ventures and economic movements C. Integration and interdependence of national economies D. Globalization of services E. Globalization of production

A. Convergence of customer preferences and standards

Which one of the following is a true statement about​ culture? A. Culture is not inherited. B. Culture is not​ relative, but rather is absolute. C. There are no examples of individual exceptions to a collective culture. D. Culture is not collective or​ group-based. E. Culture is not derived from the social environment.

A. Culture is not inherited

What has been the result of making improvements to​ Nigeria's cell phone​ infrastructure? A. Enhancing economic growth and productivity. B. Reducing corporate expenditures on information technology. C. Reducing corporate social responsibility requirements. D. Changing the transportation infrastructure. E. Facilitating the use of​ computer-aided design in manufacturing.

A. Enhancing economic growth and productivity.

​________ orientation describes using​ one's own culture as a basis for judging other cultures. A. Ethnocentric B. Geocentric C. Polychronic D. Monochronic E. Polycentric

A. Ethnocentric

Which element in​ Porter's diamond model describes a​ nation's position in terms of​ labor, natural​ resources, wealth,​ technology, entrepreneurship, and​ know-how? A. Factor conditions B. Demand conditions C. Supporting industries D. Firm​ strategy, structure, and rivalry E. Industrial clusters

A. Factor conditions

Which one of the following is considered an important measure of economic development of a country that often characterizes lower levels of​ globalization? A. Gross national income per person B. Sovereignty C. The underground economy D. Gross domestic product E. Number of supranational institutions

A. Gross national income per person

Which one of the following argues that a​ country's affluence is due to increasing exports and decreasing imports resulting in a positive balance of​ trade? A. Mercantilism B. Absolute advantage principle C. New trade theory D. Factor proportions theory E. Comparative advantage principle

A. Mercantilism

Which one of the following is a​ host-country mindset in which an individual acquires an attachment to the country in which they conduct their​ business? A. Polycentric orientation B. Monochronic orientation C. Ethnocentric orientation D. Polychronic orientation E. Geocentric orientation

A. Polycentric orientation

Which one of the following globalization drivers increased monetary connectivity and simplified​ cross-border transactions? A. The integration of global financial markets B. Global decreases in barriers to trade C. Advancements in communication technology D. Industrialization in underdeveloped nations E. The implementation of free markets

A. The integration of global financial markets

The sequence of activities implemented by a company in the course of​ creating, manufacturing,​ promoting, and servicing a product is known as​ ________. A. a value chain B. a contagion C. globalization of markets D. global sourcing E. internationalization

A. a value chain

In the​ pre-export stage of the internationalization​ process, ________. A. firms receive unsolicited product orders from abroad B. firms conduct a systematic exploration of international options C. firms initiate limited international activity in the form of basic exporting D. firms are preoccupied with acquiring business in the home market E. firms target numerous foreign markets via various entry modes

A. firms receive unsolicited product orders from abroad

In​ ________, people are primarily concerned with their own​ self-interest, and ties among individuals are fairly loose. A. individualistic societies B. ​high-context cultures C. collective cultures D. masculine societies E. ​low-context cultures

A. individualistic societies

Joe has just relocated to China for work and is in the process of learning the​ rules, behaviors, and lifestyles that are considered appropriate in Chinese society. Joe is engaged in​ ________. A. socialization B. collectivism C. social stratification D. social mobility E. monochronic orientation

A. socialization

​________ refers to a situation in which a human value is at stake due to a cultural misunderstanding. A. Country risk B. ​Cross-cultural risk C. Political risk D. Commercial risk E. Currency risk

B. ​Cross-cultural risk

Which one of the following statements regarding culture is​ accurate? A. Culture is not usually affected by contemporary means of communication. B. Culture comes from social settings. C. Culture is something that is hereditary. D. Culture is the same across all nationalities. E. Culture is usually about personal behaviors.

B. Culture comes from social settings.

Which one of the following best explains the globalization of​ production? A. Manufacturing firms and governments buy and sell large quantities of global currencies. B. Firms reduce manufacturing costs and retail prices by moving manufacturing activities to nations with lower costs of labor. C. Globally active corporations develop multinational operations through the exchange of​ goods, financial​ ventures, and various​ value-chain activities. D. Regional trade agreements like the North American Free Trade Agreement facilitate reduced trade barriers among member nations. E. Consumer shopping habits indicate changing trends and preferences to which manufacturers must respond.

B. Firms reduce manufacturing costs and retail prices by moving manufacturing activities to nations with lower costs of labor

Question Help ​________ refer(s) to a collection of​ businesses, suppliers, and supporting firms in the same industry at a specific geographic​ position, characterized by a critical mass of human​ talent, capital, or other factor endowments. A. Firm structure and rivalry B. Industrial cluster C. Demand conditions D. Firm strategy E. Factor conditions

B. Industrial cluster

Which one of the following attempts to explain the method by which corporations obtain and retain​ value-chain activities minimize the difficulties of working with external​ partners, and allow for increased control over operations​ abroad? A. Mercantilism B. Internalization theory C. Monopolistic advantage theory D. The absolute advantage principle E. Factor proportions theory

B. Internalization theory

Which one of the following focuses on the resources a corporation possesses compared with others and recommends that corporations that utilize internationalization strategies own or control certain resources that are not readily accessible to​ competitors? A. Mercantilism B. Monopolistic advantage theory C. The absolute advantage principle D. Factor proportions theory E. The comparative advantage principle

B. Monopolistic advantage theory

Which one of the following is a preemptive​ cost-effective plan set into motion by a government in order to develop or reinforce a specific​ industry? A. Factor proportions theory B. National industrial policy C. Absolute advantage principle D. Comparative advantage principle E. New trade theory

B. National industrial policy

Which principle or theory advocates exporting and attaining access to a larger global market with the purpose of increasing economies of​ scale? A. Absolute advantage principle B. New trade theory C. Comparative advantage principle D. Factor proportions theory E. International product life cycle theory

B. New trade theory

In some​ countries, which of the following would be affected by a lack of status differences between employees and​ managers? A. Organizational structure B. Union-management relationships C. Attitudes toward ambiguity D. Supplier-buyer relationships E. Technology usage

B. Union-management relationships

A person with​ a(n)________ orientation has a strong orientation to time and is dependent on strict agendas and promptness. A. polycentric orientation B. monochronic C. polychronic D. geocentric E. ethnocentric

B. monochronic

In international​ business, ________ primarily relates to whether a firm is​ centralized, decentralized,​ bureaucratic, or entrepreneurial. A. technology B. organizational structure C. teamwork D. a negotiation method E. product development

B. organizational structure

In​ a(n) ________​ culture, people are​ flexible, and they value multitasking and spending a lot of time with others. Such cultures do not put much emphasis on time and schedules. A. symbolic B. polychronic C. individualistic D. socialized E. monochronic

B. polychronic

​A(n) ________ values nonverbal messages and sees communication as a way to encourage harmony in relationships. A. masculine culture B. ​high-context culture C. individualistic culture D. collective culture E. ​low-context culture

B. ​high-context culture

The spread of Starbucks around the world is an example of the​ ________ of markets. A. market liberalization B. globalization C. industrialization D. modernization E. technological advancement

B. Globalization

​China, India, and Eastern Europe have become known as​ cost-effective places for producing goods and​ services, and they have attracted an increasing amount of foreign capital into their economies. Which driver of globalization best explains this​ occurrence? A. A global decrease in barriers of trade B. Market liberalization and implementation of open markets C. Technological advances improving efficiency at a global scale D. Financial markets integrating on a global scale E. Industrialization and rebuilding

B. Market liberalization and implementation of open markets

The​ ________ consists of approximately 160 countries worldwide and was created to control and safeguard fairness in international trade and investments. A. NAFTA B. WTO Your answer is correct. C. IMF D. GATT E. APEC

B. WTO

Which one of the following is an example of globalizing​ manufacturing? A. A Swiss watch maker signs distribution contracts with retail stores around the world. B. A British bank opens loan offices in the United​ States, Sri​ Lanka, and Guatemala. C. An Indian apparel company sets up a factory in Madagascar. D. A U.S. paper manufacturer opens sales offices in Germany and Kazakhstan. E. A Mexican software company opens a Research and Development department in China.

C. An Indian apparel company sets up a factory in Madagascar.

Which stage in the internationalization process of a firm is characterized by targeting numerous foreign markets via foreign direct​ investment? A. Domestic focus B. Experimental involvement C. Committed involvement D. Active involvement E. ​Pre-export

C. Committed involvement

Which principle or theory describes how two different countries can benefit through trade only if one of those countries is moderately more effective at producing a product needed by the​ other? A. Absolute advantage principle B. New trade theory C. Comparative advantage principle D. Factor proportions theory E. International product life cycle theory

C. Comparative advantage principle

​________ is the tendency to view other cultures through the lens of​ one's own culture. A. Perceptiveness B. Tolerance for ambiguity C. ​Self-reference criterion D. Adaptability E. Critical incident analysis

C. ​Self-reference criterion

Mohammed lives in Turkey. Juan lives in Mexico. Both men were able to purchase the latest Mac book from their local retailer the day Apple released the new product. The functionality of the computer is the same with exception of the​ keyboard, which is customized for each language. This is an example of which of the​ following? A. Rise of regional economic integration blocs B. Globalization of production C. Convergence of consumer lifestyles and preference D. Globalization of services E. Growth of global investment and financial flows

C. Convergence of consumer lifestyles and preferences

Which term describes how uncomfortable situations in​ cross-cultural interactions are examined and acted​ on? A. ​Self-reference criterion B. Ethnocentric orientation C. Critical incident analysis D. Tolerance for ambiguity E. Cultural bias

C. Critical incident analysis

Which of the following terms represents unique traditions that serve as guides for interpreting​ attitudes, values, and​ behaviors? A. Idiom B. ​Self-reference criterion C. Cultural metaphor D. Acculturation E. Polycentric

C. Cultural metaphor

Which of the following refers to the absence of restrictions to the movement of goods and services among​ countries? A. Absolute advantage principle B. Comparative advantage principle C. Free trade D. Mercantilism E. Factor proportions theory

C. Free trade

Which statement about masculine and feminine cultures is​ correct? A. In masculine​ cultures, work is viewed as a way to earn money to get the most out of life. B. In feminine​ cultures, it is mainly women who play nurturing roles. C. Gender roles typically overlap in feminine cultures. D. The United States is considered a highly feminine culture. E. In masculine​ cultures, mainly the men make​ achievement, ambition, and economic growth a high priority.

C. Gender roles typically overlap in feminine cultures.

Which term refers to an expression whose symbolic meaning differs from the literal​ meaning? A. Cultural metaphor B. Polycentric orientation C. Idiom D. ​Self-reference criterion E. Nonverbal communication

C. Idiom

Many small enterprises are creating products for international markets using​ 3-D printers. Product plans and designs can be found simply by searching online. Using the Internet to design products is an example of which area of technological​ advancement? A. Basic scientific research B. Transportation C. Information technology D. Communications E. Manufacturing

C. Information technology

Which aspect of​ Dunning's eclectic paradigm focuses on the various benefits associated with adopting​ foreign-based manufacturing,​ distribution, and other​ value-chain activities? A. ​Site-specific advantages B. Monopolistic advantages C. Internationalization advantages D. Absolute advantages E. ​Ownership-specific advantages

C. Internationalization advantages

Which one of the following is an example of the competitive advantage of a​ nation? A. In the nation of​ Alpha, the leading consumer electronics firm uses a patented chip that costs less than any other alternative. The other Alpha firms in the​ industry, however, cannot use the chip and are no better or worse than competitors in other countries. B. The​ gPhone, the​ best-selling smartphone in the​ world, is​ designed, manufactured, and marketed by​ Strawberry, Inc., and headquartered in the nation of Gamma. A close competitor is the Robot phone from the nation of Sigma. Other phone manufacturers in Gamma lag far behind the two leaders. C. The three clothing manufacturers in the nation of Epsilon are the best in the world. One holds several worldwide patents. Another has access to​ low-cost cotton cloth. A third has a valuable brand name. The dominance of these firms also provides benefits to new Epsilon clothing​ firms, which can hire knowledgeable workers from the market leaders. D. Server farms in the nation of Beta run pretty much the same hardware and software as server farms in the nations of Tau and Upsilon. E. The music industry in the nation of Delta moved up from seventh in the world last year to third this year.

C. The three clothing manufacturers in the nation of Epsilon are the best in the world. One holds several worldwide patents. Another has access to​ low-cost cotton cloth. A third has a valuable brand name. The dominance of these firms also provides benefits to new Epsilon clothing​ firms, which can hire knowledgeable workers from the market leaders.

​________ is defined as the ability to accept uncertainty and a lack of clarity in the thinking and actions of others. A. Geocentric orientation B. Cultural bias C. Tolerance for ambiguity D. Critical incident analysis E. ​Self-reference criterion

C. Tolerance for ambiguity

What is one of the most significant expressions of a culture that provides cultural​ insight? A. Manners B. Morality C. Verbal language D. Time perception E. Creativity

C. Verbal language

​Cross-cultural differences in business can lead to problems with​ ________, which is when information and instructions can be understood in multiple ways. A. teamwork B. cultural bias C. ambiguity D. negotiations E. collectivism

C. ambiguity

The​ values, beliefs, and customs of a group of people are known as​ ________. A. acculturation B. monochromic orientation C. culture D. society E. socialization

C. culture

The​ ________ in the internationalization process model involves commencing limited international activities by way of simple exporting. A. ​pre-export stage B. active participation stage C. experimental involvement stage D. committed involvement stage E. domestic focus stage

C. experimental involvement stage

Material productions are​ ________. A. ​morals, philosophies,​ principles, and attitudes of the members of a culture B. ​letters, statistics, and numbers that support the financial and social infrastructure C. items and technologies that people create to fill some purpose within their environments D. observations of space and time E. patterns of social activities within a culture

C. items and technologies that people create to fill some purpose within their environments

Societies that score low on uncertainly avoidance​ ________. A. include countries like​ India, Jamaica, and the United States B. create many rules to control worker behavior C. take risks and make decisions quickly D. value stable careers E. take their time when making decisions

C. take risks and make decisions quickly

The greatest significance of globalization is reflected directly in a​ company's ________. A. balance sheet B. reshoring efforts C. value chain D. market share E. offshoring activities

C. value chain

​________ refers to the steady integration and increasing interdependence of economies. A. Industrialization B. Global sourcing C. Globalization of markets D. Foreign direct investment E. ​Cross-border trade of commodities

C. Globalization of markets

Which cause of globalization BEST explains why some emerging markets have increased their standards of living and become competitive producers and exporters of computers and​ software? A. Technological advances B. A global decrease in barriers to trade C. Financial markets integrating on a global scale D. Economic development and industrialization E. The implementation of free markets

D. Economic development and industrialization

Which dimension of market globalization is a result of the North American Free Trade​ Agreement, as well as other​ countries' agreements that have facilitated reduced trade barriers among their​ members? A. Globalization of manufacturing B. Incorporation and interdependence of global markets C. Merging of customer preferences and standards D. Growth of regional economic integration blocs E. Progression of international ventures and economic movements

D. Growth of regional economic integration blocs

Which of the following statements regarding information technology is​ accurate? A. The cost of computer processing has increased by more than​ 30% in the past 30 years. B. Technology enables companies to interact with their partners globally in a timelier but less​ cost-effective manner. C. Given the added investment​ costs, a result of advances in information technology has been a decrease in early internationalization by​ small- and​ medium-sized enterprises. D. Information technology has created a competitive advantage for firms by allowing them more opportunities to outdo their competitors. E. Information technology benefits only larger firms due to the design and production of customized products being targeted to more narrow market niches.

D. Information technology has created a competitive advantage for firms by allowing them more opportunities to outdo their competitors.

Which of the following explains the approach of corporations to obtain and retain one or more of its​ value-chain activities, thereby minimizing the difficulties of working with external​ partners, and allowing for increased control over operations​ abroad? A. New trade theory B. Monopolistic advantage theory C. Absolute advantage principle D. Internalization theory E. Factors proportions theory

D. Internalization theory

Which of the following focuses on the resources a corporation possesses compared with​ others, and recommends that corporations that utilize internationalization strategies own or control certain resources that are not readily accessible to​ competitors? A. Absolute advantage principle B. Comparative advantage principle C. Mercantilism D. Monopolistic advantage theory E. Factor proportions theory

D. Monopolistic advantage theory

Which one of the following is an upstream​ value-chain activity? A. Customer service B. ​After-sales service C. Marketing D. Research and development E. Transportation

D. Research and development

Which cultural dimension forms the basis for personal motivations and​ behaviors? A. Education B. Perceptions of time C. Symbolic productions D. Values E. Manners and customs

D. Values

​A(n) ________ orientation has a global mindset without regard to country boundaries and is open to diversity among cultures. A. ​home-country B. ethnocentric C. polycentric D. geocentric E. ​high-context

D. geocentric

Problems related to​ ________ relate to difficulties in building and maintaining business relationships due to differences in the​ cultures, interests, and goals of firms. A. ​union-management relationships B. teamwork C. organizational structure D. negotiations E. technology

D. negotiations

Cross-cultural differences can impact a​ firm's activities. A firm that​ ________ primarily faces language and​ cross-cultural difficulties due to significant interaction with customers. A. collaborates with domestic partners B. uses translation technology C. uses a centralized structure D. provides services E. negotiates contracts

D. provides services

A European clothing retailer postponed acquiring firms located abroad due to a fear of not being able to work well with foreign business partners and being unable to integrate the different cultures. The clothing retailer was primarily concerned about​ cross-cultural differences affecting​ ________. A. organizational structure B. contract negotiations C. attitudes toward ambiguity D. teamwork E. ​union-management relationships

D. teamwork

India has become a prominent provider of software​ technologies, and Brazil has become a frontrunner in commercial aircraft development. Which cause of globalization is illustrated by these​ examples? A. Worldwide reduction in trade barriers B. Market liberalization and the implementation of free markets C. Financial markets integrating globally D. ​Industrialization, economic​ growth, and innovation E. Technological advancements in communication networks

D. ​Industrialization, economic​ growth, and innovation

Tamika believes that business contracts should be very exactly worded. Because of bad​ experiences, she does not trust agreements based on​ assumptions, handshakes, or unspoken understandings. Tamika trusts extensive verbal explanations and spoken words more than relationships. She is from a​ ________ culture. A. deep B. ​high-context C. monochronic D. ​low-context E. polychronic

D. ​low-context

Which of the following terms represents the arrangement of activities conducted by a company in the course of​ creating, manufacturing,​ promoting, and servicing a​ product? A. Internationalization B. Global sourcing C. Globalization of markets D. Value chain E. Contagion

D. Value Chain

The formation of the WTO and the emergence of economic integration blocs led to​ ________. A. industrialization and innovation B. market liberalization and implementation of free markets C. technological advances D. a global decrease in barriers to trade E. financial markets integrating on a global scale

D. a global decrease in barriers to trade

​________ is an inflexibly held attitude that is generally negative and typically aimed at particular groups of people. A. A custom B. High culture C. A value D. Power distance E. A prejudice

E. A prejudice

Which term refers to unconscious​ judgments, often not based on logical​ facts, about what is​ good, acceptable,​ important, and​ normal? A. Values B. Acculturation C. Customs D. Socialization E. Attitudes

E. Attitudes

Which determinant of national competitiveness focuses on the need for certain products and services​ domestically? A. Company strategy B. Company structure C. Factor conditions D. Related and subsidiary industries E. Demand conditions

E. Demand conditions

What is the first stage in the internationalization process of a​ firm, where the firm is primarily preoocupied with business at​ home? A. ​Pre-export B. Active involvement C. Experimental involvement D. Committed involvement E. Domestic focus

E. Domestic focus

For the first 10 years of its​ existence, Ravi​ Patel's company sold only to customers within the United States. The company would occasionally get orders from overseas customers who had heard from relatives or friends about​ Ravi's products. But​ now, Ravi has decided to try actively exporting to selected retailers in​ Canada, Mexico, and Central​ America, kind of like dipping his toes in the water. Which stage in the internationalization process model describes​ Ravi's company​ today? A. Committed involvement B. ​Pre-export stage C. Active involvement D. Domestic focus E. Experimental involvement

E. Experimental involvement

​________ involves a company paying external suppliers and​ contractors, who are located in foreign​ nations, to perform​ value-adding activities. A. Reshoring B. Sovereignty C. Offshoring D. Foreign direct investment E. Global outsourcing

E. Global outsourcing

​________ inspires corporations to establish their​ sourcing, producing, and promoting activities on a worldwide scale in order to attain lower costs with higher efficiency. A. Sovereignty B. Foreign direct investment C. Country risk D. Contagion E. Globalization

E. Globalization

Which term describes the knowledge and process of creating and utilizing informational​ resources? A. Communications B. Value chain C. Manufacturing infrastructure D. Information reshoring E. Information technology

E. Information technology

​________ involve corporations combining resources and capabilities in order to be able to perform some task that each would be unable to perform​ otherwise, while at the same time sharing the​ risk, which reduces vulnerability for each partner. A. Demand conditions B. National industrial policies C. Factor proportion theories D. Industrial clusters E. International collaborative ventures

E. International collaborative ventures

Which of the following is a contemporary perspective that aids in explaining the emergence of a​ country's competitive​ advantage? A. Public competitiveness policy B. Mercantilism C. Comparative advantage of industries D. Absolute advantage principles E. National industrial policy

E. National industrial policy

Which dimension of globalization involves the unrestricted movement of capital and the expanded networks of economies throughout the​ world? A. Incorporation and interdependence of global markets B. Globalization of production C. Merging of customer preferences and standards D. Growth of local financial integration alliances E. Progression of international investments and financial activities

E. Progression of international investments and financial activities

​________ proposes that countries should export only products that use copious factors of production and import only goods that use limited factors of production. A. Mercantilism B. The comparative advantage principle C. The absolute advantage principle D. New trade theory E. The factor proportions theory

E. The factor proportions theory

A grocer in Niagara​ Falls, Ontario, regularly bought vegetables from farmers in​ Rochester, New York. The invention of the telephone during this phase made it much easier for the grocer to call the New York farmers to ask about current prices and adjust her selling prices. In what phase of globalization did this situation​ occur? A. The fifth phase—2007 to the present B. The third phase—1948 to the 1970s C. The fourth phase—1980s ​- 2006 D. The first phase—1830 to the late 1800s E. The second phase—​1900-1930

E.The Second Phase- 1900-1930

Which phase of globalization was triggered by the rise of electricity and steel​ production? A. The third phase—1948 to the 1970s B. The first phase—1830 to the late 0800s C. The fifth phase—2007 to the present D. The second phase—​1900-1930 E. The fourth phase—1980 ​- 2006

The second phase-1900-1930