iCEV Fundamental Animal Microgenetics
Homologous
alike or equal
Mitosis
cell division of the nucleus of a somatic cell resulting in two identical daughter nuclei in two cells
Meiosis
cell division resulting in haploid cells
Cytoplasm
complex solution of organic and inorganic components outside the cell nucleus contained by a cell membrane
Nucleus
essential to cell functions and contains nuclear sap form which chromosomes arise
X Chromosome
female chromosome
Chromatin
forms colored bodies
Y Chromosome
male Chromosome
Gametes
male or female reproductive cells
Oogenesis
meiosis in females
Spermatogenesis
meiosis in males
Allele
one of a pair of genes that occupy the same location on homologous chromosomes and affect the same trait in animals
Heredity
process which brings about the differences and similarities between parents and offspring; sum of qualities genetically derived from one's parents
Heritability
proportion of observed variation in a particular trait which can be inherited due to genetic factors
Diploid
refers to paired chromosomes in body cells
Haploid
refers to the number of chromosomes in a sex cell which is half of the original number
Phenotype
the actual physical appearance of an organism that is the combination of the organism's genotype and the environment
Genotype
the genetic makeup of an animal that is not affected by the environment
Base Pairing
the pairing of nitrogen bases
Genetics
the science of heredity and variation
Genes
the smallest unit of inheritance; a portion of a DNA molecule, occur in pairs on chromosomes in the nucleus of every cell